Table 1.

Demographic, clinical, cognitive, and MRI characteristics.

	Total patient group (N = 146)	Patient group with follow-up data (N = 100)
	Baseline data	Baseline data	Follow-up data
Demographics
Age; years, mean (SD)	48.30 (11.16)	48.40 (10.97)	53.00 (10.84)
Women; n (%)	98 (67.1)	69 (69.0)	69 (69.0)
Education; median (range)	4 (1–7)	4 (1–7)	4.5 (1–7)
Clinical characteristics
MS type; RRMS/SPMS/PPMS (%)	76.6/12.4/11.0	80.0/13.0/7.0	69.0/23.0/7.0
Disease duration; years, mean (SD)	12.95 (7.74)	13.17 (7.48)	17.77 (7.32)
EDSS; median (range)	3 (0–8)	3 (0–8)	4 (0–8.5)
Cognitive scores, mean (SD)	Z-score	Z-score	Yearly rate of cognitive change
SRT—Verbal memory	−0.72 (1.14)	−0.77 (1.18)	−0.08 (0.24)
10/36 SPART-Visuospatial memory	−1.02 (1.26)	−1.01 (1.28)	−0.01 (0.27)
SDMT—Information processing speed	−1.46 (1.20)	−1.40 (1.18)	−0.04 (0.21)
MCT—Working memory	−1.33 (1.43)	−1.37 (1.48)	−0.03 (0.30)
WLGT—Verbal fluency	−0.81 (0.91)	−0.76 (0.86)	−0.04 (0.19)
CST—Executive function	−1.12 (1.42)	−0.99 (1.35)	−0.08 (0.27)
SCWT—Sustained attention and executive function	−0.94 (1.05)	−0.93 (1.10)	0.05 (0.25)
Average cognition	−1.07 (0.80)	−1.03 (0.80)	−0.03 (0.11)
MRI characteristics
Deep gray matter volume; mL, mean (SD)	55.79 (6.39)	56.37 (6.27)	—
Cortical gray matter volume; L, mean (SD)	0.70 (0.05)	0.75 (0.06)	—
White matter lesion volume; mL, median (range)	10.04 (1.36–85.5)	8.56 (1.36–69.18)	—

SD: standard deviation; MS: multiple sclerosis; RRMS: relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. PPMS: primary progressive multiple sclerosis; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; SRT: Selective Reminding Test; SPART: Spatial Recall Test; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; MCT: Memory Comparison Test; WLGT: Word List Generation Test; CST: Concept Shifting Test; SCWT: Stroop Color-Word Test; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Disease duration represents the disease duration since symptom onset.