Table 3.

Regression coefficients (b) and bootstrapped based 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between cytokines and psychiatric symptoms (with respective confounders and moderators included for each association), n ​= ​363 in all models.

	MADRS-Sa		PSSb			HADS-Ac
	b [95% CI]	b sex [95% CI]	b [95% CI]	b sex [95% CI]	b age [95% CI]	b [95% CI]	b sex [95% CI]
TNF-α	3.88 [1.52, 6.29]	−4.22 [-7.01, -1.39]	4.15 [1.62, 6.74]	−3.36 [-6.06, -0.36]	−0.09 [-0.18, -0.01]	2.03 [0.49, 3.37]	−1.93 [-3.35, -0.18]
IL-6	0.01 [-1.08,1.09]	–	0.52 [-0.40, 1.9]	–	−0.08 [-0.21, -0.01]	0.17 [-0.40, 0.70]	–
IL-8	−0.01 [-0.32, 0.29]	–	−0.02 [-0.28, 0.30]	–	–	0.03 [-0.12, 0.23]	–

Note. Bootstrapping with 2000 iterations and bias corrected confidence intervals (CI) were used. Significant CIs are in bold for clarity. MADRS-S = Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Self-rated; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; HADS-A ​= ​Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety subscale; b sex ​= ​interaction term for sex (woman ​= ​1) and cytokine; b age ​= ​interaction term for age (centered values) and cytokine; TNF-α ​= ​tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6 ​= ​interleukin 6; IL-8 ​= ​interleukin 8.

^aMADRS-S/TNF-α relation adjusted for age, psychotropic medication and time of day for blood sampling; MADRS-S/IL-6 and MADRS-S/IL-8 relations adjusted for age, psychotropic medication, education and time for blood sampling.

^bPSS/TNF-α relation adjusted for education and time for blood sampling; PSS/IL-6 relation adjusted for age, education and time of day for blood sampling; PSS/IL-8 relation adjusted for sex, age and time of day for blood sampling.

^cHADS-A/TNF-α relation adjusted for age, psychotropic medication and time of day for blood sampling; HADS-A/IL-6 relation adjusted for age and education; HADS-A/IL-8 relation adjusted for sex, age, psychotropic medication, education and time of day for blood sampling.