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. 2020 Feb 11;1(1):100001. doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Key components of the IL-1 inflammatory pathway and downstream effects.19,81 Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β bind to IL-1R1 on the surface of target cells. IL-1α can remain membrane-bound or be released from cells on necrosis. Activated NLRP3 inflammasome induces caspase 1–mediated cleavage of pro–IL-1β to mature IL-1β and of the effector molecule gasdermin. The latter causes large pores to form in the cell membrane, leading to a form of cell death called pyroptosis. Mature IL-1β is released from the cell by means of pyroptosis and binds to the IL-1 receptor, which activates signaling pathways (involving MAPK and NF-κB) and causes downstream effects that promote tumor invasion and metastasis. AP-1, activated protein-1; GSDMD, gasdermin D; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; IL-1R, IL-1 receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor–kappa B; NLRP3, nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor protein 3; TRAF6, TNF receptor associated factor 6.