Table 2.
LASSO-Cox Regression Analysis of ELNs and ENSs for Overall Survival and Recurrence-Free Survival
| Characteristics | Overall Survival |
Recurrence-Free Survival |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sig | HR | LL | UL | pa | Sig | HR | LL | UL | pa | |
| ENS (as a continuous variable) | < 0.001 | 0.697 | 0.590 | 0.824 | 0.001 | 0.863 | 0.791 | 0.941 | ||
| ELN (as a continuous variable) | 0.005 | 0.945 | 0.909 | 0.983 | < 0.001 | 0.960 | 0.938 | 0.981 | ||
| LNR | 0.047 | 3.562 | 1.015 | 12.499 | 0.028 | 2.355 | 1.097 | 5.053 | ||
| Lymph node dissection (yes vs. no) | 0.013 | 1.734 | 1.123 | 2.678 | 0.013 | 1.734 | 1.123 | 2.678 | ||
| Operated side (left vs. right) | 0.216 | 1.300 | 0.858 | 1.967 | 0.694 | 1.050 | 0.822 | 1.341 | ||
| Tumor location (lower and middle vs. upper) | 0.262 | 0.279 | ||||||||
| Middle lobe vs. upper lobe | 0.881 | 1.064 | 0.470 | 2.413 | 0.136 | 0.701 | 0.440 | 1.118 | ||
| Lower lobe vs. upper lobe | 0.110 | 0.681 | 0.425 | 1.091 | 0.427 | 0.904 | 0.705 | 1.159 | ||
| pT | 0.039 | 0.082 | ||||||||
| T2 vs. T1 | 0.006 | 1.849 | 1.191 | 2.871 | 0.370 | 1.114 | 0.880 | 1.409 | ||
| T3 vs. T1 | 0.954 | 1.061 | 0.140 | 8.046 | 0.260 | 1.710 | 0.673 | 4.348 | ||
| T4 vs. T1 | 0.184 | 4.049 | 0.514 | 31.900 | 0.020 | 4.003 | 1.239 | 12.934 | ||
| pN | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| N1 vs. N0 | < 0.001 | 4.530 | 2.407 | 8.528 | < 0.001 | 3.417 | 2.351 | 4.967 | ||
| N2 vs. N0 | < 0.001 | 4.150 | 1.970 | 8.742 | < 0.001 | 5.665 | 3.769 | 8.515 | ||
| pM (M1 vs. M0) | < 0.001 | 56.814 | 12.309 | 262.229 | < 0.001 | 24.034 | 5.808 | 99.457 | ||
| Histology ([others, LCC, ASC, ADC] vs. SCC) | 0.428 | 0.209 | ||||||||
| ADC vs. SCC | 0.752 | 0.912 | 0.513 | 1.619 | 0.032 | 1.496 | 1.035 | 2.163 | ||
| ASC vs. SCC | 0.180 | 1.952 | 0.734 | 5.193 | 0.075 | 2.000 | 0.932 | 4.294 | ||
| LCC vs. SCC | 0.472 | 1.475 | 0.512 | 4.249 | 0.457 | 1.373 | 0.595 | 3.167 | ||
| Others vs. SCC | 0.844 | 1.163 | 0.258 | 5.241 | 0.607 | 1.295 | 0.483 | 3.472 | ||
| Surgical approach (thoracotomy vs. VATS) | 0.112 | 0.598 | 0.317 | 1.128 | ||||||
| Grade of Differentiation ([others, poor, moderate] vs. well) | 0.370 | |||||||||
| Moderate vs. well | 0.180 | 1.557 | 0.815 | 2.976 | ||||||
| Poor vs. well | 0.088 | 1.820 | 0.914 | 3.625 | ||||||
| Others vs. well | 0.183 | 1.678 | 0.783 | 3.593 | ||||||
| Types of resection ([wedge resection, segmentectomy] vs. lobectomy) | 0.462 | |||||||||
| Segmentectomy vs. lobectomy | 0.214 | 0.446 | 0.125 | 1.595 | ||||||
| Wedge resection vs. lobectomy | 0.964 | 0.683 | 0.129 | 2.367 | ||||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 0.666 | 1.122 | 0.664 | 1.896 | 0.749 | 1.048 | 0.786 | 1.397 | ||
| Adjuvant radiotherapy (yes vs. no) | 0.332 | 1.389 | 0.715 | 2.696 | 0.666 | 0.915 | 0.611 | 1.370 | ||
ADC, adenocarcinoma; ASC, adenosquamous carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; ELN, examined lymph node; ENS, examined node station; HR, hazard ratio; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LCC, large cell carcinoma; LL, lower limit of 95% CI; LNR, lymph node ratio (the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to a total number of lymph nodes examined); SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; Sig, significance; UL, upper limit of 95% CI; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery
a
Interaction test p value.