Fig. 1.
Local DAMPs concentrations distal to middle cerebral artery occlusion in hyper-acute human stroke are increased, correlate with the extent of tissue injury, and DAMPs release is paralleled by immune cell recruitment. (A, B) Local systemic (red points) and ischemic (blue points) plasma levels (n = 61) of HMGB1 (A) and S100A8/A9 (B). Data are shown as scatter dot plot with mean 95% confidence interval (CI). Wilcoxon Rank-Sum-Test was performed to test for significance. p-values reported are 2-sided with p<0.05 being considered statistically significant. (C) Correlation analysis of ischemic HMGB1 with ASPECTS on admission (n = 61). (D–I) Increased ischemic concentrations of HMGB1 (n = 61) and S100A8/A9 (n = 61) are associated with ischemic neutrophil (D, G), lymphocyte (E, H), and monocyte (F, I) counts. Dashed lines depict the 95% confidence interval of the regression lines. ASPECTS = Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; R2 = coefficient of determination; β = regression coefficient. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)