Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the samples used in the mRNA-Seq assay.
| Brain region |
STG |
IFG |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical diagnosis |
Cognitively Normal |
Mild Cognitive Impairment |
Alzheimer’s Disease |
Cognitively Normal |
Mild Cognitive Impairment |
Alzheimer’s Disease |
| Sample size | N = 38 | N = 14 | N = 24 | N = 23 | N = 9 | N = 33 |
| Age at death, Mean (standard deviation) | 79.97 (7.26) | 84.79 (5.67) | 86.79 (6.53) | 80.52 (7.46) | 83.67 (6.38) | 85.58 (6.93) |
| Gender, Female n (%) | 11 (28.9) | 7 (50) | 11 (45.8) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (44.4) | 21 (63.6) |
| PMI | 3.28 (2.43) | 3.09 (0.80) | 3.38 (2.42) | 3.14 (1.75) | 3.22 (0.92) | 3.06 (2.00) |
| Plaque Totala | 4.61 (5.29) | 5.14 (5.97) | 12.37 (2.74) | 5.52 (5.70) | 6.61 (5.95) | 12.66 (2.69) |
| Tangle Totalb | 3.63 (2.60) | 5.16 (2.80) | 9.93 (4.03) | 3.73 (2.27) | 5.17 (2.95) | 10.13 (4.02) |
| Last MMSE test score | 28.19 (1.54) | 26.92 (2.02) | 17.57 (7.26) | 28.14 (1.10) | 27.00 (2.00) | 16.85 (6.69) |
| NIA-Reagan criteria (Hyman and Trojanowski, 1997), n | ||||||
| Criteria not met | 37 | 12 | 23 | 8 | ||
| Not AD | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Low | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Intermediate | 1 | 11 | 17 | |||
| High | 12 | 15 | ||||
| Semiquantitative measure of neuritic plaques CERAD score (Mirra et al., 1991), n | ||||||
| Criteria not met | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Not AD | 24 | 5 | 13 | 4 | ||
| Possible AD | 9 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 1 | |
| Probable AD | 7 | 7 | ||||
| Definite AD | 17 | 25 | ||||
| Plaque densityc | ||||||
| Zero | 17 | 7 | 9 | 3 | ||
| Sparse | 11 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | |
| Moderate | 5 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 7 |
| Frequent | 5 | 5 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 25 |
| Braak staged | ||||||
| I | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1 | ||
| II | 9 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 1 |
| III | 13 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| IV | 7 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 13 |
| V | 8 | 8 | ||||
| VI | 4 | 7 | ||||
| APOE genotype, n | ||||||
| ε2/ε2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| ε2/ε3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| ε3/ε3 | 23 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 4 | 18 |
| ε3/ε4 | 9 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| ε2/ε4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |||
| ε4/ε4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |||
STG: superior temporal gyrus (BA22); IFG: inferior frontal gyrus (BA44); MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; CERAD (Mirra et al., 1991): Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease.
Plaque F, T, P, H and E for senile plaque density score in standard regions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, hippocampal CA1 region and entorhinal/trans-entorhinal region was obtained. All plaque types (neuritic, cored, diffuse) were included. Plaque total is the arithmetic sum of scores from Plaque F, T, P, H and E above.
Tangle F, T, P, H and E is for neurofibrillary tangle density score in standard regions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, hippocampal CA1 region and entorhinal/trans-entorhinal region. Tangle total is the arithmetic sum of scores from Tangle F, T, P, H and E above.
Plaque density is the CERAD neuritic and/or cored plaque density (Mirra et al., 1991) defined using the CERAD templates as none, sparse, moderate and frequent. The value listed represents the highest density score seen in any of the three evaluated cerebral neocortex regions (frontal, temporal and parietal). However, if frequent neuritic or cored plaques are a rare finding, the score may be adjusted downwards to reflect this.
Braak stage is the Braak neurofibrillary stage (0-VI) as defined originally by Braak and Braak (1991). Thick 40–80 μm sections stained with Gallyas, Campbell-Switzer and thioflavine S stains are used to obtain this.