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. 2020 Jun 8;5:100093. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100093

Table 4.

Mean levels and group comparisons of plasma proinflammatory cytokines at Visit 1 and Visit 2.

Proinflammatory Cytokine Control
 CD
 UC
 p- value
Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 1 Visit 2
IL-6 (pg/ml) 0.87 ​± ​0.09 1.32 ​± ​0.26 2.14 ​± ​0.41Ϯ 4.06 ​± ​0.91¥ 2.77 ​± ​1.75 4.05 ​± ​3.27 <0.001∗∗∗
IL-8 (pg/ml) 4.49 ​± ​0.32 7.81 ​± ​0.64 6.55 ​± ​0.83 14.08 ​± ​5.08 11.32 ​± ​6.08 4.99 ​± ​2.05# 0.068
TNF-α (pg/ml) 4.52 ​± ​0.24 5.13 ​± ​0.2 5.52 ​± ​0.56 6.95 ​± ​0.77 3.64 ​± ​0.83$ 1.91 ​± ​0.64¥# 0.001∗∗

IL, interleukin; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis. p-value represents group effect from repeated measures ANOVA; ∗∗p ​< ​0.01; ∗∗∗p ​< ​0.001. Ϯp<0.001 vs control Visit 1; ¥p ​< ​0.001 vs control Visit 2; #p ​< ​0.001 vs CD Visit 2; $p ​< ​0.001 vs CD Visit 1. Data are mean ​± ​S.E.M.