Table 2.
Mixed-model ANOVA analyses of questionnaire responses.
| Questionnaires | Placebo |
Probiotic |
F-within F-between F-interaction |
p-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | |||
| PSS | 19.7(6.5) | 18.0(6.9) | 20.4(5.9) | 18.0(5.7) | F(1,77) = 24.20 | p < 0.05 |
| F(1,77) = 0.060 | p = 0.81 | |||||
| F(1,77) = 0.810 | p = 0.37 | |||||
| CES-D | 18.6(9.9) | 16.3(10.9) | 19.6(9.8) | 16.2(9.4) | F(1,77) = 15.31 | p < 0.05 |
| F(1,77) = 0.550 | p = 0.46 | |||||
| F(1,77) = 0.053 | p = 0.82 | |||||
| STAI (Y1) | 41.0(11.4) | 40.1(11.4) | 41.3(12.2) | 39.5(11.0) | F(1,77) = 2.016 | p = 0.16 |
| F(1,77) = 0.002 | p = 0.96 | |||||
| F(1,77) = 0.234 | p = 0.63 | |||||
| STAI (Y2) | 44.0(12.1) | 43.2(12.3) | 46.7(11.4) | 44.3(11.0) | F(1,77) = 4.728 | p < 0.05 |
| F(1,77) = 0.562 | p = 0.46 | |||||
| F(1,77) = 1.137 | p = 0.29 | |||||
T1, pre-experimental scores; T2, post-experimental scores; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale; STAI (Y1/2), Y-1/2 forms of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.