Table 2.

Associations between cytokines and BD in the discovery and replication cohorts. Odds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and Variable Inclusion Probability (VIP) are shown. Variables with a VIP >0.75 are bolded and labeled with a dot.

Variables	Discovery cohort				Replication cohort
	ORs	95%CI	VIP		ORs	95%CI	VIP
Sex (Male)	1.072	[0.849,1.291]	0.66		0.800	[0.547,1.197]	0.78
Sex (Female)	0.933	[0.775,1.177]	0.66		1.249	[0.836,1.829]	0.78
Age	1.022	[1.005,1.036]	1.00		0.995	[0.967,1.018]	0.621
BMI (Kg.m-2)	1.027	[1.001,1.067]	0.88		1.049	[0.993,1.154]	0.9
IDS-C30	0.986	[0.972,0.998]	0.98
HDRS-17					1.041	[0.932,1.149]	0.70
Tobacco smoking (no)	0.932	[0.776,1.126]	0.63		1.082	[0.695,1.706]	0.71
Tobacco smoking (yes)	1.073	[0.888,1.289]	0.63		0.924	[0.587,1.439]	0.71
History of alcohol abuse (no)	0.952	[0.738,1.169]	0.62
History of alcohol abuse (yes)	1.051	[0.856,1.353]	0.62
History of substance abuse (no)	0.940	[0.748,1.233]	0.66
History of substance abuse (yes)	1.063	[0.813,1.338]	0.66
Antidepressants (no)	1.706	[1.4,2.113]	1.00		1.634	[1.046,3.074]	0.93
Antidepressants (yes)	0.587	[0.473,0.715]	1.00		0.612	[0.326,0.957]	0.93
Benzodiazepines (no)	1.234	[1.028,1.524]	0.96		0.469	[0.251,0.806]	0.99
Benzodiazepines (yes)	0.811	[0.656,0.972]	0.96		2.131	[1.241,3.985]	0.99
Antipsychotics (no)	0.633	[0.486,0.785]	1.00		0.699	[0.464,0.98]	0.96
Antipsychotics (yes)	1.580	[1.273,2.054]	1.00		1.430	[1.02,2.155]	0.96
Lithium (no)	0.447	[0.285,0.685]	1.00		0.727	[0.381,1.404]	0.82
Lithium (yes)	2.233	[1.455,3.513]	1.00		1.373	[0.712,2.614]	0.82
Anticonvulsants (no)	0.488	[0.368,0.641]	1.00		0.335	[0.167,0.626]	1.00
Anticonvulsants (yes)	2.046	[1.553,2.717]	1.00		2.979	[1.592,5.98]	1.00
Other psychotropic drugs (no)	0.966	[0.705,1.242]	0.60		0.795	[0.534,1.237]	0.70
Other psychotropic drugs (yes)	1.034	[0.805,1.418]	0.60		1.256	[0.808,1.872]	0.70
Antiinflammatory drugs (no)	0.834	[0.372,1.819]	0.61		0.825	[0.374,1.98]	0.68
Antiinflammatory drugs (yes)	1.197	[0.551,2.689]	0.61		1.212	[0.505,2.669]	0.68
CCL2 (pg/ml)	1.001	[0.999,1.003]	0.64		0.999	[0.997,1.001]	0.65
CCL3 (pg/ml)	1.001	[0.992,1.004]	0.58		1.000	[0.976,1.023]	0.78	●
CCL4 (pg/ml)	0.999	[0.996,1.004]	0.56		0.998	[0.994,1.003]	0.66
CCL11 (pg/ml)	1.000	[0.998,1.002]	0.47		0.999	[0.997,1]	0.77	●
CCL13 (pg/ml)	1.000	[0.997,1.002]	0.53		0.999	[0.992,1.004]	0.66
CCL17 (pg/ml)	1.000	[1,1]	0.64		0.999	[0.998,1.001]	0.63
CCL22 (pg/ml)	1.000	[1,1]	0.70		1.000	[1,1.001]	0.71
CXCL10 (pg/ml)	0.999	[0.99,1]	0.93	●	1.000	[0.997,1.002]	0.65
IL-6 (pg/ml)	0.948	[0.832,0.996]	0.88	●	1.002	[0.767,1.184]	0.52
IL-7 (pg/ml)	1.000	[0.979,1.032]	0.56		1.014	[0.968,1.079]	0.60
IL-8 (pg/ml)	0.995	[0.972,1.006]	0.72		1.000	[0.999,1.001]	0.65
IL-10 (pg/ml)	1.177	[0.877,1.618]	0.88	●	2.067	[0.703,7.366]	0.83	●
IL-12/IL-23 p40 (pg/ml)	1.000	[0.997,1.004]	0.61		1.000	[0.992,1.008]	0.69
IL-15 (pg/ml)	1.198	[0.979,1.792]	0.75	●	1.800	[1.008,4.641]	0.81	●
IL-16 (pg/ml)	1.000	[0.998,1]	0.70		0.999	[0.996,1.003]	0.52
IL-27 (pg/ml)	1.000	[1,1.01]	0.79	●	1.000	[1,1.001]	0.75	●
IFN-$\gamma$ (pg/ml)	0.996	[0.977,1.015]	0.67		0.977	[0.918,1.09]	0.74
TNF-$\mathrm{\alpha }$ (pg/ml)	1.002	[0.739,1.121]	0.69		1.258	[0.928,1.716]	0.85	●