Table 3.

Characteristics of patients in the replication cohort. For each categorical variable, the number (Nb.) and percentage (%) of patients with BD or MDD are indicated. For each continuous variable, mean and standard deviation (SD) are indicated. Statistical tests (∗ Chi-square; ° Mann & Whitney) for comparing BD and MDD patients and corresponding p-values after adjustment for multiple testing are indicated. Differences between groups were considered to be statistically significant when adjusted p-values were < 0.05. Non-significant (n.s.) statistical differences are indicated.

Variables	BD				MDD				Statistics	Missing values
	Nb.	%	Mean	SD	Nb.	%	Mean	SD	p-value	Nb.	%
All patients	40				93					0	0
Males	10	25.0			31	33.3			n.s.	0	0
Age (years)			44.6	10.9			44.1	15.4	n.s.	0	0
Body Mass Index (Kg.m-2)			26.9	5.28			24.3	4.75	n.s.	14	15.1
Tobacco smoking	15				39	41.9			n.s.	0	0
HDRS-17			23.7	3.57			23.0	3.15	n.s.	0	0
First MDE	5	13.9			28	32.2			<0.01	10	7.52
Number of MDE			4.41	2.76			2.63	1.92	<0.01	20	15.0
Episode duration (months)			6.53	7.57			13	30.2	<0.01	3	0.023
Disease duration (years)			16.0	11.6			11.4	11.1	n.s.	14	10.5
Current psychotic symptoms	1	2.5			2	2.2			n.s.	1	0.0075
Bipolar Type 1 disorder	19	47.5								0	0
Bipolar Type 2 disorder	21	52.5								0	0
Antidepressants	24	60.0			74	79.6			n.s.	0	0
Benzodiazepines	36	90.0			67	72.0			n.s.	0	0
Antipsychotics	24	60.0			30	32.3			n.s.	0	0
Lithium	9	22.5			6	6.5			n.s.	0	0
Anticonvulsants	15	37.5			3	3.2			<0.0001∗	0	0
Other psychotropic treatments	22	55.0			22	23.7			n.s.	0	0
Antiinflammatory treatments	4	10.0			1	1.1			n.s.	0	0