Table 5.
The results of multivariate analysis showing the predictors of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
|
Predictors of GI hemorrhage
| ||||
|
|
aOR
|
95%CI
|
P
value
|
|
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Age (yr) | 1.01 | (1.01-1.02) | < 0.001 | |
| Female | 0.84 | (0.81-0.86) | < 0.001 | |
| Race | White- Reference | 1.00 | - | - |
| Black | 1.27 | (1.22-1.31) | < 0.001 | |
| Hispanic | 1.19 | (1.14-1.24) | < 0.001 | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.42 | (1.34-1.50) | < 0.001 | |
| Native American | 1.24 | (1.06-1.46) | 0.007 | |
| Other | 1.13 | (1.05-1.21) | 0.001 | |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Insurance | Medicare- Reference | 1.00 | - | - |
| Medicaid | 1.17 | (1.12-1.22) | < 0.001 | |
| Private | 0.91 | (0.88-0.94) | < 0.001 | |
| Self-pay | 1.44 | (1.34-1.56) | < 0.001 | |
| No charge | 1.21 | (0.94-1.56) | 0.148 | |
| Other | 1.03 | (0.95-1.12) | 0.468 | |
| Median household income for patient ZIP Code | 1st quartile- Reference | 1.00 | - | - |
| 2nd quartile | 0.98 | (0.95-1.01) | 0.246 | |
| 3rd quartile | 0.96 | (0.93-0.99) | 0.022 | |
| 4th quartile | 0.94 | (0.90-0.97) | < 0.001 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Acute kidney injury | 1.17 | (1.13-1.20) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.22 | (1.18-1.26) | < 0.001 | |
| Heart failure | 1.19 | (1.12-1.27) | < 0.001 | |
| Cirrhosis and liver failure | 1.84 | (1.78-1.90) | < 0.001 | |
| Cancer related | ||||
| Metastasis | 0.93 | (0.90-0.95) | < 0.001 | |
| Chemo and Immunotherapy | 0.74 | (0.72-0.77) | < 0.001 | |
| Radiation gastroenteritis/proctitis | 2.39 | (2.02-2.81) | < 0.001 | |
| Palliative care | 1.21 | (1.17-1.26) | < 0.001 | |
| Nutritional status | ||||
| Severe malnutrition and cachexia | 1.12 | (1.08-1.15) | < 0.001 | |
| Obesity | 0.94 | (0.90-0.98) | 0.001 | |
| Use of antithrombotic/anticoagulants | ||||
| Aspirin/antiplatelets | 1.09 | (1.05-1.13) | < 0.001 | |
| Anticoagulants | 1.48 | (1.42-1.54) | < 0.001 | |
Bold values represent a statistically significant odds ratio > 1 [in favor of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH)]; multivariate logistic regression of outcome (GIH) was performed using the backward stepwise method to determine statistically significant factors; variables included in the analysis: Age, female, race, insurance, income, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cirrhosis and liver failure, intestinal infection, metastasis, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, radiation gastroenteritis, palliative care, severe malnutrition and cachexia, obesity, aspirin/antiplatelet, and anticoagulant; intestinal infection was a statistically non-significant factor; GI: Gastrointestinal; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.