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. 2021 Sep 26;13(9):1160–1176. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1160

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Main effects of viable, inactivated, and apoptotic mesenchymal stromal cells and of mesenchymal stromal cells’ secretome and subcellular particles on monocytes and macrophages. MSC: Mesenchymal stromal cell; TSG-6: Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; IL: Interleukin; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase.