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. 2021 Sep 26;13(9):1278–1292. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1278

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Overview of lineages of stem cells and transplantation strategies in Parkinson diseases. Pluripotent stem cells are directly converted to stem cells that can be further differentiated to long-term survival neurons by overexpressing neurotrophins. Wnt4 overexpression drives differentiation into neuronal cells while reducing glial scar formation.