Table 2.

Therapeutic potentials of stem cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease models

	Disease model	Source of transplanted cells	Transplantation location	Density of transplanted cells	Unique feature or treatment	Results	Ref.
1	Rat, 6-OHDA	Immortalized NSC (mouse, C17-2)	Striatum	106 cells	TH/GTPCH1; Gene transfer	Rotation↓	Ryu et al[48]
2	Monkey, MPTP	ESC (monkey)	Bilateral putamen	3 x 105-6 x 105 cells per side	Stromal cell (mouse) feeder	PFS-parkinsonian factor score↓	Takagi et al[49]
3	Rat, 6-OHDA	Immortalized NSC (human, HB1.F3)	Striatum	3 × 105 cells/3 μL	TH/GTPCH1 gene transfer	Rotation↓	Kim et al[50]
4	Rat, 6-OHDA	Immortalized NSC (human, HB1.F3)	Striatum	2 x 105/3µL	NSC migration	Rotation↓	Yasuhara et al[51]
5	Rat, 6-OHDA	MSCs from human UCB	Striatum	1 × 105 cells/10 µL	FGF8/SHH	Rotation↓	Fu et al[52]
6	Rat, 6-OHDA	DA neurons from ESC (human)	Striatum	5 x 105 cells	None	Rotation↓, beam walking↓	Cho et al[53]
7	Mice, 6-OHDA	DA neurons from ESC (human)	Striatum	1.5 × 105 cells /1.5 µL	Wnt signal; SHH	Rotation↓	Kriks et al[54]
8	Mice, 6-OHDA	iNSCs (rat)	Striatum	1 × 105 cells	Tripotential differentiation capacity	Rotation↓	Choi et al[42]

6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; ESC: Embryonic stem cell; FGF8: Fibroblast growth factor 8; GTPCH-1: GTP cyclohydrolyrase-1; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; iNSC: Induced neural stem cell; TH: Tyrosine hydrpxylase; NTN: Neurturin; UC: Umbilical cord blood; SHH: Sonic hedgehog protein; CN: Caudate nucleus; SN: Substantia nigra.