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. 2021 Sep 27;41(12):2947–2954. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.033

Table 2.

Patient characteristics and basic treatment.

n Overall
Mechanically ventilated
non-COVID 627 COVID 602 p value non-COVID 339 COVID 458 p value
Age (years), n(%) <0.0001∗ <0.0001∗
 x <20 54 (8.6) 4 (0.7) 30 (8.9) 1 (0.2)
 20≤ x <30 28 (4.5) 8 (1.3) 13 (3.8) 6 (1.3)
 30≤ x <40 51 (8.1) 30 (5.0) 26 (7.7) 23 (5.0)
 40≤ x <50 57 (9.1) 65 (10.8) 28 (8.3) 47 (10.3)
 50≤ x <60 90 (14.4) 132 (21.9) 50 (14.8) 105 (22.9)
 60≤ x <70 120 (19.1) 193 (32.1) 77 (22.7) 152 (33.2)
 70≤ x <80 136 (21.7) 146 (24.3) 64 (18.9) 109 (23.8)
 x ≥80 91 (14.5) 24 (4.0) 51 (15.0) 15 (3.3)
Male, n (%) 391 (62.4) 425 (70.6) 0.0022∗ 209 (61.7) 329 (71.8) 0.0025∗
BMI (kg/m2), n(%) <0.0001∗ <0.0001∗
 x <18.5 84 (13.4) 10 (1.7) 49 (14.5) 4 (0.9)
 18.5≤ x <25 310 (49.4) 150 (24.9) 147 (43.4) 104 (22.7)
 25≤ x <30 155 (24.7) 218 (36.2) 99 (29.2) 168 (36.7)
 30≤ x <35 54 (8.6) 140 (23.3) 27 (8.0) 114 (24.9)
 x ≥35 24 (3.8) 84 (14.0) 17 (5.0) 68 (14.9)
ICU length of stay (days) 5 (2, 10) 9 (4.5, 16) <0.0001∗ 6 (2, 12) 9 (5, 16) <0.0001∗
Use of support devices, n(%)
 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 18 (2.9) 30 (5.0) 0.055 12 (3.5) 24 (5.2) 0.25
 Renal replacement therapy 66 (10.59) 56 (9.3) 0.47 41 (12.1) 54 (11.8) 0.90
 Left ventricular unloading device (Impella, IABP) 10 (1.6) 1 (0.2) 0.0041∗ 7 (2.1) 1 (0.2) 0.0076∗
Continuous use of neuromuscular blockage, n(%) 19 (3.0) 159 (26.4) <0.0001∗ 15 (4.4) 159 (34.7) <0.0001∗
Continuous use of vasoactive drugs, n(%) 208 (33.2) 186 (30.9) 0.39 155 (45.7) 180 (39.3) 0.070
Continuous use of analgesia and sedation agents, n(%) 329 (52.5) 394 (65.5) <0.0001∗ 242 (71.4) 370 (80.8) 0.0020
Prone positioning (hours), n(%) <0.0001∗ <0.0001∗
 0 (not done) 191 (30.5) 333 (55.3) 143 (42.2) 266 (58.1)
 0≤ x <6 11 (1.8) 58 (9.6) 6 (1.8) 42 (9.2)
 6≤ x <12 2 (0.3) 38 (6.3) 2 (0.6) 25 (5.5)
 12≤ x <18 4 (0.6) 57 (9.5) 4 (1.2) 51 (11.1)
 18≤ x ≤24 0 (0) 56 (9.3) 0 (0) 53 (17.3)
 Not a candidate (no respiratory failure) 419 (66.8) 60 (10.0) 184 (54.3) 21 (4.6)

COVID, coronavirus disease; BMI, body mass index; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump. ∗ infers a significant difference with p <0.05.