Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the control and treated groups
| Variables | Total (n = 355) | Control (n = 174) | Treated (n = 181) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), Median (Q1, Q3) | 68 (57, 79) | 67 (56, 78) | 69 (58.75, 79) |
| Gender, male n (%) | 217 (61) | 104 (60) | 113 (62) |
| Source of admission, n (%) | |||
| Emergency room | 108 (30) | 52 (30) | 56 (31) |
| Other | 10 (3) | 2 (2) | 8 (5) |
| Postoperative | 114 (32) | 57 (33) | 57 (31) |
| Transfer from other hospital | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Ward | 121 (34) | 61 (35) | 60 (33) |
| Type, n (%) | |||
| Emergency operation | 109 (31) | 57 (33) | 52 (29) |
| Medical | 194 (55) | 91 (52) | 103 (57) |
| Optional operation | 52 (15) | 26 (15) | 26 (14) |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 74 (21) | 40 (23) | 34 (19) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 92 (26) | 46 (26) | 46 (26) |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 14 (4) | 8 (5) | 6 (3) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 22 (6) | 11 (6) | 11 (6) |
| Cerebrovascular, n (%) | 29 (8) | 17 (10) | 12 (7) |
| Dementia, n (%) | 11 (3) | 6 (3) | 5 (3) |
| COPD, n (%) | 23 (6) | 10 (6) | 13 (7) |
| Connective tissue, n (%) | 18 (5) | 9 (5) | 9 (5) |
| Paralysis, n (%) | 7 (2) | 4 (2) | 3 (2) |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 13 (4) | 7 (4) | 6 (3) |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 59 (17) | 33 (19) | 26 (14) |
| Hematological malignancy, n (%) | 8 (2) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 11 (3) | 3 (2) | 8 (4) |
| Metastatic tumor, n (%) | 15 (4) | 8 (5) | 7 (4) |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 28 (8) | 17 (10) | 11 (6) |
| Infection sites, n (%) | |||
| Abdominal | 114 (32) | 61 (35) | 53 (29) |
| Bile duct | 24 (7) | 6 (3) | 18 (10) |
| Bloodstream | 21 (6) | 9 (5) | 12 (7) |
| CNS | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Gastrointestine | 9 (3) | 5 (3) | 4 (2) |
| Hemo | 4 (1) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) |
| Liver abscess | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Mediastinum | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Lower respiratory tract | 116 (33) | 63 (36) | 53 (29) |
| Skin | 10 (3) | 6 (3) | 4 (2) |
| Thoracic | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Unknown | 14 (4) | 5 (3) | 9 (5) |
| Urinary tract | 34 (10) | 12 (7) | 22 (12) |
| SOFA, median (Q1, Q3) | 8 (5, 11) | 8 (6, 11) | 8 (5, 10) |
| GCS, median (Q1, Q3) | 14 (11, 15) | 14 (11, 15) | 15 (11, 15) |
| MV, n (%) | 177 (51) | 94 (54) | 83 (47) |
| CRRT, n (%) | 26 (7) | 14 (8) | 12 (7) |
MV mechanical ventilation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, GCS Glasgow coma scale, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CNS central nervous system, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile