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. 2021 Sep 26;54:32. doi: 10.1186/s40659-021-00355-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Effect of deep breathing (DB) + hand grip (DB + HG) + occlusion (DB + HG + OC) on heart rate variability (HRV) during recovery period 3 in men. A Representative time-varying spectrum of HRV during baseline period, DB + HG + OC and recovery period 3 from one man. Note that the power spectral density at low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.08 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.08–0.45 Hz) component of HRV, were decreased and increased, respectively, during recovery period 3 compared to the baseline. B Summary data of LF to HF ratio during baseline, DB + HG + OC, and during recovery period 3. Note that LF/HF ratio was significantly reduced in recovery period 3 compared to the baseline. C Summary data of LF and HF during baseline, DB + HG + OC, and during recovery period 3. D, E Interindividual response of LF and HF of HRV in men, respectively. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Holm-Sidak post hoc. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01