Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 2630) | Mild patients (n = 23) |
Moderate patients (n = 1680) |
Severe patients (n = 707) |
Critically ill patients (n = 37) |
Unclassified and clinically diagnosed patients (n = 183) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | ||||||
| 61 (50–68) | 49 (29–63) | 58 (48–67) | 64 (56–72) | 74 (56.5–81) | 61 (51–68) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1336 (50.8%) | 9 (39.1%) | 836 (49.8%) | 371 (52.5%) | 25 (67.6%) | 95 (51.9%) |
| Female | 1294 (49.2%) | 14 (60.9%) | 844 (50.2%) | 336 (47.5%) | 12 (32.4%) | 88 (48.1%) |
| Time from illness onset to hospital admission, days | ||||||
| 4 (0–8) | 0 (0–4.5) | 4 (1–9) | 3 (0–7) | 4 (0–8.5) | 4 (0–8) | |
| Smoking history | ||||||
| Yes | 186 (7.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 116 (6.9%) | 51 (7.2%) | 2 (5.4%) | 14 (7.7%) |
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Yes | 438 (16.7%) | 8 (34.8%) | 294 (17.5%) | 95 (13.4%) | 3 (8.1%) | 38 (20.8%) |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 1925 (73.2%) | 8 (34.8%) | 1219 (72.6%) | 532 (74.7%) | 25 (67.6%) | 141 (77.0%) |
| Cough | 1860 (70.7%) | 8 (34.8%) | 1181 (70.3%) | 517 (72.6%) | 28 (75.7%) | 126 (68.9%) |
| Fatigue | 1424 (54.1%) | 9 (39.1%) | 897 (53.4%) | 413 (58.0%) | 20 (54.1%) | 85 (46.4%) |
| Asthma | 1173 (44.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 699 (41.6%) | 378 (53.1%) | 20 (54.1%) | 72 (39.3%) |
| Myalgia | 788 (30.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | 498 (29.7%) | 214 (30.1%) | 12 (32.4%) | 61 (33.3%) |
| Other symptoms | 712 (27.1%) | 5 (21.7%) | 452 (26.9%) | 202 (28.4%) | 7 (18.9%) | 46 (25.1%) |
| Symptoms counts (> 3) | 1053 (40.0%) | 4 (17.4%) | 645 (38.4%) | 315 (44.2%) | 19 (51.4%) | 70 (38.3%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 848 (32.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 465 (27.7%) | 307 (43.1%) | 17 (45.9%) | 53 (29.0%) |
| CAD | 184 (7.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 92 (5.5%) | 73 (10.3%) | 4 (10.8%) | 14 (13.1%) |
| Heart failure | 11 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.2%) | 4 (0.6%) | 2 (5.4%) | 1 (0.5%) |
| Other cardio disease | 87 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (2.1%) | 33 (4.6%) | 8 (21.6%) | 11 (6.0%) |
| Respiratory distress | 10 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 7 (18.9%) | 1 (0.5%) |
| COPD | 24 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (0.7%) | 8 (1.1%) | 3 (8.1%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| Respiratory failure | 28 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (1.5%) | 14 (37.8%) | 3 (1.6%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 31 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (1.0%) | 6 (0.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 5 (2.7%) |
| Tumor history | 27 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (0.8%) | 7 (1.0%) | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (1.6%) |
| Diabetes | 385 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 214 (12.7%) | 139 (19.5%) | 8 (21.6%) | 24 (13.4%) |
| Respiratory comorbidity | 153 (5.8%) | 0 (0%) | 66 (3.9%) | 47 (6.6%) | 24 (64.9%) | 16 (8.7%) |
| Other comorbidities | 626 (23.8%) | 6 (26.1%) | 369 (23.0%) | 200 (30.2%) | 14 (42.4%) | 37 (20.2%) |
| Comorbidity counts (> 3) | 96 (3.7%) | 0 (0%) | 42 (2.5%) | 40 (5.6%) | 8 (21.6%) | 6 (3.3%) |
| Maximum temperature, ℃ (IQR) | 37.1 (36.9–37.4) | 37.0 (36.8–37.8) | 37.0 (36.9–37.3) | 37.2 (36.9–37.8) | 37.5 (37.1–38.7) | 37.1 (36.9–37.5) |
| Respiratory rate, breath per min | 20 (19–21) | 20 (19–22) | 20 (19–21) | 20 (19–22) | 23 (19–34) | 20 (20–21) |
| Systolic pressure, mmHg | 130 (120–140) | 123 (116–132) | 129 (120–139) | 130 (120–143) | 130 (117–143) | 128 (117–138) |
| Diastolic pressure, mmHg | 80 (74–88) | 77 (70–86) | 80 (74–88) | 80 (74–88) | 81 (70–89) | 80 (72–86) |
| Pluses, times/min | 85 (78–96) | 84 (74–96) | 84 (78–95) | 86 (78–98) | 98 (89–107) | 84 (77–90) |
| Therapy | ||||||
| Antibiotics | 840 (31.9%) | 3 (13.0%) | 441 (26.3%) | 294 (41.3%) | 30 (81.1%) | 72 (39.3%) |
| Antiviral treatment | 1656 (63.0%) | 21 (91.3%) | 1067 (63.5%) | 412 (58.3%) | 21 (56.8%) | 135 (73.8%) |
| Glucocorticoids | 285 (10.8%) | 1 (4.3%) | 81 (4.8%) | 165 (23.3%) | 19 (51.4%) | 19 (10.4%) |
| Intravenous albumin | 204 (7.8%) | 1 (4.3%) | 48 (2.9%) | 112 (15.7%) | 23 (62.2%) | 20 (10.9%) |
| Chinese medicine | 2207 (83.9%) | 14 (60.9%) | 1420 (84.6%) | 607 (85.8%) | 23 (62.2%) | 143 (78.1%) |
| Oxygen therapy | 1762 (67.0%) | 16 (69.6%) | 1001 (59.6%) | 584 (82.6%) | 30 (81.1%) | 131 (71.6%) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||||
| Non-invasive | 75 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (0.4%) | 32 (4.5%) | 20 (54.1%) | 16 (8.7%) |
| Invasive | 50 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (0.3%) | 18 (2.5%) | 14 (37.8%) | 13 (7.1%) |
| Second outcome | ||||||
| Progress to critical severe | 64 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (0.7%) | 46 (6.5%) | 1 (2.7%) | 5 (2.7%) |
| ICU admission | 102 (3.9%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (0.5%) | 43 (6.0%) | 32 (86.5%) | 19 (10.4%) |
| Final outcome | ||||||
| Discharged | 2539 (96.5%) | 23(100%) | 1663 (99.0%) | 666 (94.0%) | 21 (56.8%) | 166 (90.7%) |
| Dead | 62 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (0.3%) | 26 (3.7%) | 16 (43.2%) | 15 (8.2%) |
| In hospital | 29 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (0.7%) | 17 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) |
| Kidney function laboratory measurements | ||||||
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 277 (222–338) | 264 (230–361) | 283 (229–341) | 269 (209–332) | 232 (144–331) | 269 (212–329) |
| Decreased | 436 (16.6%) | 3 (13.0%) | 233 (13.9%) | 156 (21.9%) | 13 (35.1%) | 31 (16.9%) |
| Normal | 1820 (69.2%) | 17 (73.9%) | 1206 (71.8%) | 465 (65.3%) | 16 (43.2%) | 116 (63.4%) |
| Elvating | 216 (8.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 140 (8.3%) | 58 (8.1%) | 5 (13.5%) | 12 (6.6%) |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.37 (3.59–5.42) | 4.01 (3.17–4.68) | 4.3 (3.59–5.20) | 4.53 (3.61–5.95) | 7.06 (4.82–10.13) | 4.42 (3.52–5.48) |
| Decreased | 142 (5.4%) | 0 (0%) | 88 (5.2%) | 40 (5.6%) | 1 (2.7%) | 13 (7.1%) |
| Normal | 2230 (84.8%) | 21 (91.3%) | 1458 (86.8%) | 597 (83.8%) | 19 (51.4%) | 135 (73.8%) |
| Elevating | 116 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 43 (2.6%) | 47 (6.6%) | 13 (35.1%) | 13 (7.1%) |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 64.1 (54.8–75.2) | 57.0 (51.7–69.7) | 63.9 (55.0–74.8) | 64.1 (54.3–76.0) | 71.4 (49.85–105.78) | 65.1 (55.2–78.1) |
| Decreased | 150 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | 74 (4.4%) | 56 (7.9%) | 9 (24.3%) | 11 (6.0%) |
| Normal | 2142 (81.4%) | 20 (80.7%) | 1426 (84.9%) | 548 (77.0%) | 14 (37.8%) | 134 (73.2%) |
| Elevating | 187 (7.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | 85 (5.1%) | 76 (10.9%) | 11(29.7%) | 14 (7.7%) |
| eGFR, ml/(min*1.73m2) | ||||||
| Normal (90–120) | 1896 (72.1%) | 19 (82.6%) | 1264 (75.3%) | 476 (66.9%) | 18 (48.6%) | 119 (65.0%) |
| Abnormal (15–89) | 578 (22.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 318 (18.9%) | 203 (28.7%) | 16 (43.2%) | 39 (21.3%) |
| Light (60–89) | 513 (19.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 291 (17.3%) | 178 (25.0%) | 8 (21.6%) | 35 (19.1%) |
| Moderate (30–59) | 56 (2.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | 21 (1.3%) | 24 (3.4%) | 7 (18.9%) | 3 (1.6%) |
| Severe (15–29) | 9 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (0.5%) |
| Ccr, mL/(min*1.73m2) | ||||||
| Normal (80–120) | 1312 (49.9%) | 15 (65.2%) | 892 (53.1%) | 313 (44.0%) | 10 (27.0%) | 82 (44.8%) |
| Abnormal (< 79) | 631 (24.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 406 (24.2%) | 183 (25.9%) | 7 (18.9%) | 34 (18.6%) |
| Light (51–79) | 517 (19.7%) | 1 (4.3%) | 339 (20.2%) | 145 (20.4%) | 5 (13.5%) | 27 (14.8%) |
| Moderate (31–50) | 92 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 55 (3.3%) | 32 (4.5%) | 1 (2.7%) | 4 (2.2%) |
| Severe (< 30) | 22 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (0.7%) | 6 (0.8%) | 1 (2.7%) | 3 (1.6%) |
| EGFR reduction with normal creatinine | ||||||
| 395 (15.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 237 (14.1%) | 127 (17.8%) | 5 (13.5%) | 25 (14.0%) | |
| Ccr reduction with normal creatinine | ||||||
| 511 (19.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 347 (20.7%) | 133 (18.7%) | 3 (8.1%) | 27 (15.1%) | |
| Acute kidney injury | ||||||
| 26 (0.99%) | ||||||
| Urine routine on admission | ||||||
| Proteinuria | ||||||
| Negative | 1616 (61.4%) | 11 (47.8%) | 1080 (64.3%) | 406 (57.0%) | 16 (43.2%) | 103 (56.3%) |
| Positive | 395 (15.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 234 (13.9%) | 131 (18.5%) | 10 (27.0%) | 18 (9.8%) |
| ± | 150 (5.7%) | 1 (4.3%) | 92 (5.5%) | 47 (6.6%) | 2 (5.4%) | 8 (4.4%) |
| 1 + | 116 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 76 (4.5%) | 34 (4.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (1.6%) |
| 2 + | 61 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 39 (2.3%) | 18 (2.5%) | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| 3 + | 68 (2.6%) | 1 (4.3%) | 27 (1.6%) | 32 (4.5%) | 3 (8.1%) | 5 (2.7%) |
| Hematuria | ||||||
| Negative | 1796 (68.3%) | 13 (56.5%) | 1218 (72.5%) | 456 (64.0%) | 13 (35.1%) | 96 (52.5%) |
| Positive | 213 (8.1%) | 0 (0%) | 94 (5.6%) | 81 (11.5%) | 13 (35.1%) | 25 (13.7%) |
| ± | 146 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 69 (4.1%) | 55 (7.7%) | 4 (10.8%) | 18 (9.8%) |
| 1 + | 39 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (0.9%) | 14 (2.0%) | 5 (13.5%) | 5 (2.7%) |
| 2 + | 19 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (0.5%) | 9 (1.3%) | 2 (5.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| 3 + | 9 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.1%) | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| pH value | 5.5 (5.0–6.0) | 5.5 (5.0–6.0) | 5.5 (5.0–6.0) | 6.0 (5.0–6.5) | 5.5 (5.0–6.0) | 6.0 (5.5–6.0) |
| White blood cell, count/μL | 1 (0–7) | 6 (0–18) | 1 (0–6) | 1 (0–7) | 4 (0–9) | 2 (0–5) |
Continuous data was presented as median and interquartile range. Discrete data was presented as counts and percentages
IQR interquartile range; COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019; CAD Coronary artery disease; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU Intensive Care Unit; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; Ccr creatinine clearance rate; NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; SII systemic inflammation index