Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics
| Variables | Total Cohort | Non‐ICU Patients | ICU Patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without Cardiac Arrest | With Cardiac Arrest | P Value | Without Cardiac Arrest | With Cardiac Arrest | P Value | ||
| Total number of patients | 8518 | 5946 | 134 | 2063 | 375 | ||
| Mean age, y (SD) | 61.4 (17.5) | 60.78 (18.2) | 75.16 (11.9) | <0.001 | 62.05 (15.9) | 63.63 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Age (y) group, n (%) | |||||||
| <50 | 2182 (25.6) | 1676 (28.2) | 3 (2.2) | <0.001 | 449 (21.8) | 54 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| 50–60 | 1522 (17.9) | 1065 (17.9) | 11 (8.2) | 0.004 | 366 (17.7) | 80 (21.3) | 0.09 |
| 60–70 | 1802 (21.2) | 1121 (18.9) | 27 (20.1) | 0.71 | 542 (26.3) | 111 (29.6) | 0.18 |
| 70– 79 | 1520 (17.8) | 982 (16.5) | 34 (25.4) | 0.007 | 416 (20.2) | 88 (23.5) | 0.15 |
| >80 | 1492 (17.5) | 1101 (18.5) | 59 (44.1) | <0.001 | 290 (14.1) | 42 (11.2) | 0.14 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Male | 4730 (55.5) | 3129 (52.6) | 84 (62.7) | 0.03 | 1279 (62) | 238 (63.5) | 0.63 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 2582 (30.2) | 1930 (32.5) | 58 (43.3) | 0.008 | 476 (23.1) | 117 (31.2) | <0.001 |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 2009 (23.6) | 1364 (22.4) | 30 (22.4) | 0.88 | 520 (25.2) | 95 (25.3) | 0.96 |
| Non‐Hispanic White | 2750 (32.3) | 1790 (30.1) | 29 (21.6) | 0.03 | 826 (40) | 105 (28) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index >=30, n (%) | 3252 (43.7) | 2166 (36.4) | 26 (19.4) | 0.003 | 895 (43.4) | 164 (43.7) | 0.39 |
| Symptoms of COVID 19 | |||||||
| Fever/chills | 1242 (15.1) | 793 (13.3) | 21 (15.7) | 0.26 | 359 (17.4) | 69 (18.4) | 0.50 |
| Cough | 5173 (62.1) | 3659 (61.5) | 70 (52.2) | 0.03 | 1213 (58.8) | 230 (61.3) | 0.96 |
| Shortness of breath | 4880 (58.6) | 3188 (53.6) | 82 (61.2) | 0.11 | 1350 (65.4) | 259 (69.1) | 0.69 |
| Chest pain | 273 (3.2) | 204 (3.4) | 2 (1.5) | 0.32 | 57 (2.8) | 10 (2.7) | 0.99 |
| Nasal congestion or sore throat | 841 (10.1) | 634 (10.7) | 7 (5.2) | 0.06 | 175 (8.5) | 25 (6.7) | 0.21 |
| Loss of sense of taste/smell | 340 (4.1) | 278 (4.7) | 0 | 0.02 | 56 (2.7) | 6 (1.6) | 0.24 |
| Fatigue or myalgia | 3125 (37.5) | 2255 (37.9) | 28 (20.9) | <0.001 | 714 (34.6) | 127 (33.9) | 0.48 |
| Headache | 745 (8.9) | 560 (9.4) | 6 (4.5) | 0.07 | 155 (7.5) | 24 (6.4) | 0.41 |
| Confusion/altered mental status | 881 (10.6) | 558 (9.4) | 24 (17.9) | 0.002 | 248 (12) | 51 (13.6) | 0.61 |
| Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea | 2231 (26.8) | 1640 (27.6) | 16 (11.9) | <0.001 | 496 (24) | 79 (21.1) | 0.12 |
| Past medical history | |||||||
| Prior myocardial infarction/percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass grafting | 777 (9.12) | 500 (8.4) | 24 (17.9) | <0.001 | 206 (10) | 47 (12.5) | 0.16 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 785 (9.2) | 501 (8.4) | 21 (15.7) | 0.005 | 226 (11) | 37 (9.9) | 0.59 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (stroke/transient ischemic attack) | 941 (11.1) | 641 (10.8) | 33 (24.6) | <0.001 | 222 (10.8) | 45 (12) | 0.54 |
| Hypertension | 4952 (58.2) | 3272 (55) | 95 (70.9) | <0.001 | 1325 (64.2) | 262 (69.9) | 0.04 |
| Heart failure | 927 (10.9) | 585 (9.8) | 29 (21.6) | <0.001 | 262 (12.7) | 51 (13.6) | 0.69 |
| Chronic kidney disease/end‐stage renal disease | 1152 (13.5) | 719 (12.1) | 34 (25.4) | <0.001 | 334 (16.2) | 65 (17.3) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3066 (35.9) | 1995 (33.6) | 62 (46.3) | 0.002 | 840 (40.7) | 169 (45.1) | 0.13 |
| Hospital characteristics | 2063 | 375 | |||||
| Hospital size | |||||||
| Large (≥400 beds) | 4248 (49.9) | 2087 (35.1) | 55 (41.04) | 0.15 | 1212 (58.7) | 174 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| Medium (100–400 beds) | 2143 (25.2) | 1453 (24.4) | 11 (8.2) | <0.001 | 571 (27.7) | 108 (28.8) | 0.66 |
| Small (<100 beds) | 2122 (24.9) | 1684 (28.3) | 68 (50.7) | <0.001 | 276 (13.4) | 93 (24.8) | <0.001 |
| Severity score on admission | |||||||
| High‐risk quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score | 592 (7.2) | 306 (5.1) | 18 (13.4) | <0.001 | 221 (10.7) | 47 (12.5) | 0.35 |
ICU indicates intensive care unit.
Statistically significant P<0.05 are indicated in bold.