Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
|
Control n=10 |
HFpEF n=20 |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Women, % | 70 | 75 | 0.780 |
| Age, y | 55±10 | 65±11 | 0.023 |
| Height, cm | 170.9±9.6 | 167.9±10.6 | 0.454 |
| Weight, kg | 88.4±19.2 | 100.8±21.3 | 0.130 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.0±4.7 | 36.0±8.4 | 0.045 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.0±0.3 | 2.2±0.3 | 0.258 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 69.9 (25–170) | 601.4 (25–3299) | 0.015 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8±1.5 | 11.9±1.7 | 0.012 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0±0.2 | 1.2±0.5 | 0.218 |
| eGFR, mL/min per m2 | 75.4±9.4 | 59.3±18.8 | 0.038 |
| Smoking history, % | 30 | 37 | 0.724 |
| Medications | |||
| ACEI, % | 30 | 45 | 0.447 |
| β‐Blocker, % | 32 | 35 | 0.155 |
| Diuretics, % | 30 | 70 | 0.038 |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 60 | 30 | 0.122 |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FVC, % predicted | 101±9 | 80±18 | <0.01 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 100±14 | 76±20 | <0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC, % predicted | 98±8 | 95±12 | 0.520 |
| FEF25–75, % predicted | 104±40 | 78±50 | 0.214 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Ejection fraction, % | 63±4 | 62±3 | 0.811 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 84.8±22.9 | 86.1±15.5 | 0.882 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 24.6±8.6 | 36.7±15.2 | 0.081 |
| E/A ratio | 1.1±0.3 | 1.9±0.9 | 0.062 |
| E/e’ ratio | 7.4±1.1 | 13.6±5.5 | 0.026 |
Wilcoxon rank sum nonparametric test was used to calculate P value. Values are reported as mean±SD. ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; E/A, ratio of early to late filling velocity; E/e’, ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate, values of >90 were considered to be 90; FEF25–75, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, reported as median (range), with values <25 considered to be 25.