Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Discharged With Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus an ACEI/ARB Before Application of Inverse Probability Weights
| Sacubitril/Valsartan (n=1551) | ACEI/ARB (n=7857) | Standardized Mean Difference* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 77 (71–83) | 78 (71–85) | 17.4 |
| Women | 560 (36.1) | 3262 (41.5) | 11.1 |
| Race | 3.9 | ||
| White | 1259 (81.2) | 6302 (80.2) | |
| Black or African American | 191 (12.3) | 965 (12.3) | |
| Other§ | 101 (6.5) | 590 (7.5) | |
| Medicaid dual eligibility | 218 (14.1) | 1230 (15.7) | 4.5 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 25 (20–32) | 28 (22–35) | 28.7 |
| Index hospitalization year | 51.5 | ||
| 2015/2016 | 294 (19.0) | 3190 (40.6) | |
| 2017 | 529 (34.1) | 2413 (30.7) | |
| 2018 | 728 (46.9) | 2254 (28.7) | |
| Vital sign and laboratory data at discharge | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 113 (102–126) | 118 (107–132) | 30.7 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 74 (67–83) | 75 (67–84) | 4.5 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 139 (136–141) | 139 (136–141) | 6.0 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 3.5 |
| Medical history | |||
| Ischemic HF etiology | 1105 (71.2) | 4957 (63.1) | 17.4 |
| Prior PCI | 451 (29.1) | 1883 (24.0) | 11.6 |
| Prior CABG | 460 (29.7) | 2007 (25.5) | 9.2 |
| Hypertension | 1329 (85.7) | 6594 (83.9) | 4.9 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 981 (63.2) | 4769 (60.7) | 5.3 |
| Valve disease† | 292 (18.8) | 1364 (17.4) | 3.8 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 716 (46.2) | 3313 (42.2) | 8.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 667 (43.0) | 3237 (41.2) | 3.7 |
| Stroke/TIA | 256 (16.5) | 1304 (16.6) | 0.2 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 239 (15.4) | 993 (12.6) | 8.0 |
| Anemia | 259 (16.7) | 1293 (16.5) | 0.7 |
| COPD | 451 (29.1) | 2328 (29.6) | 1.2 |
| Smoking in past 12 mo | 168 (10.8) | 973 (12.4) | 4.8 |
| Device therapy | |||
| CRT‐D | 332 (21.4) | 809 (10.3) | 30.8 |
| ICD only | 361 (23.3) | 1064 (13.5) | 25.3 |
| Medical therapy before admission‡ | |||
| ACEI/ARB | 287 (18.5) | 3439 (43.8) | 56.9 |
| Sacubitril/Valsartan | 297 (19.1) | 19 (0.2) | 85.1 |
| Beta‐blocker | 668 (43.1) | 3660 (46.6) | 32.7 |
| MRA | 185 (11.9) | 718 (9.1) | 32.1 |
| Medical therapy at discharge | |||
| Beta‐blocker | 1437 (92.6) | 7294 (92.8) | 0.7 |
| MRA | 604 (38.9) | 2633 (33.5) | 11.3 |
| Hospital characteristics | |||
| Teaching hospital | 1202 (77.5) | 6415 (81.6) | 10.3 |
| Profit status | 10.3 | ||
| Not‐for‐profit | 1225 (79.0) | 5863 (74.6) | |
| Government | 222 (14.3) | 1356 (17.3) | |
| For‐profit | 104 (6.7) | 638 (8.1) | |
| Region | 33.4 | ||
| Northeast | 411 (26.5) | 2028 (25.8) | |
| Midwest | 299 (19.3) | 1803 (22.9) | |
| South | 716 (46.2) | 2677 (34.1) | |
| West | 125 (8.1) | 1349 (17.2) | |
| Hospital bed size | 393 (259–564) | 376 (253–564) | 2.5 |
| Cardiac catheterization lab on site | 1416 (91.3) | 7348 (93.5) | 8.4 |
| Heart transplantation on site | 50 (3.2) | 474 (6.0) | 13.4 |
Data presented as n (%) or median (25th–75th percentile). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Standardized mean differences represents differences in means or proportions divided by the standard error and multiplied by 10. Standardized mean differences >10 indicate imbalance between groups.
Moderately severe or severe regurgitation or stenosis of any valve, with exception of functional (ie, secondary) mitral regurgitation.
Data were missing for 718 patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group and 2615 patients in the ACEI/ARB group. Percentages reflect patients receiving medication among total patients in the group.
Includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander.