Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| All, N=904 | LAD+, N=482 | LAD−, N=422 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 69±12 | 70±12 | 67±12 | <0.001 |
| Men (%) | 541 (60) | 287 (60) | 254 (60) | 0.84 |
| Hypertension (%) | 590 (65) | 331 (69) | 259 (61) | 0.021 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 257 (28) | 144 (30) | 113 (27) | 0.30 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 233 (26) | 126 (26) | 107 (25) | 0.79 |
| Ever smokers (%) | 275 (30) | 160 (33) | 115 (27) | 0.053 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 115 (13) | 49 (10) | 66 (16) | 0.014 |
| History of ischemic heart disease (%) | 77 (9) | 43 (9) | 34 (8) | 0.64 |
| History of TIA/stroke (%) | 141 (16) | 87 (18) | 54 (13) | 0.030 |
| Premorbid use of statins (%) | 169 (19) | 96 (20) | 73 (17) | 0.31 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.84±1.04 | 4.84±1.06 | 4.83±1.01 | 0.86 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.03±0.94 | 3.05±0.96 | 3.00±0.91 | 0.42 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.21±0.34 | 1.18±0.34 | 1.25±0.33 | 0.003 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.30±0.66 | 1.33±0.69 | 1.26±0.63 | 0.11 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.23±2.06 | 6.26±2.14 | 6.21±1.96 | 0.74 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.70±1.68 | 6.80±1.76 | 6.57±1.59 | 0.13 |
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 79±24 | 78±24 | 79±23 | 0.76 |
| Medication use on discharge | ||||
| Any antiplatelet (%) | 794 (88) | 431 (89) | 363 (86) | 0.12 |
| Single antiplatelet (%) | 671 (85) | 346 (80) | 325 (90) | 0.073 |
| Dual antiplatelet (%) | 123 (15) | 85 (20) | 38 (10) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulant (%) | 92 (10) | 42 (9) | 50 (12) | 0.12 |
| Statin (%) | 784 (87) | 427 (89) | 357 (85) | 0.078 |
| Low intensity | 197 (25) | 96 (22) | 101 (28) | 0.15 |
| Moderate intensity | 561 (72) | 315 (74) | 246 (69) | |
| High intensity | 26 (3) | 16 (4) | 10 (3) | |
| Fibrates (%) | 5 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 0.55 |
| Ezetimibe (%) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
| Follow‐up period, y | 6.5±2.4 | 6.3±2.5 | 6.8±2.2 | 0.002 |
| Total patient‐years | 5899 | 3031 | 2867 | |
| Outcome | ||||
| Recurrent stroke (%) | 139 (15) | 69 (14) | 70 (17) | 0.35 |
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 112 (81) | 56 (81) | 56 (80) | 0.44 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage (%) | 27 (19) | 13 (19) | 14 (20) | 0.59 |
| MACE (%) | 246 (27) | 138 (29) | 108 (26) | 0.31 |
| Nonfatal stroke (%) | 109 (44) | 52 (38) | 57 (53) | |
| Nonfatal acute coronary syndrome (%) | 25 (10) | 13 (9) | 12 (11) | |
| New‐onset peripheral vascular disease (%) | 10 (4) | 6 (4) | 4 (4) | |
| Symptom‐driven revascularization procedure (%) | 43 (17) | 32 (23) | 11 (10) | |
| All‐cause mortality (%) | 229 (25) | 145 (30) | 84 (20) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular cause (%) | 67 (29) | 40 (28) | 27 (32) | 0.28 |
| Noncardiovascular cause (%) | 162 (71) | 105 (72) | 57 (68) | 0.001 |
GFR indicates glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LAD+, with significant large‐artery atherosclerosis; LAD−, without significant large‐artery atherosclerosis; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.