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. 2021 Aug 7;10(16):e019948. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019948

Figure 5. Difference in mitochondrial superoxide level and 4‐HNE protein adducts in the adult and aged human right atrial appendages.

Figure 5

A, Difference in fluorescence intensity of MitoSOX Red, indicative of superoxide production in permeabilized myofibers from adult (age 18–65 years) and aged (age >65 years) right atria after antimycin A (10 μmol/L; 15 minutes) stimulation. Fibers were stained with 2.5 μmol/L MitoSOX Red (λex/λem=510/580), and fluorescence intensity was determined using laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (Olympus FV1200). Data are presented as mean±standard error; n=6 for adult and n=8 for aged. Comparison of the adult and elderly groups was performed using t test, and P<0.05 was considered significant. B, Increased levels of 4‐HNE were observed in aged tissue following normalization to protein concentration in tissue supernatant. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation; n=14 for adult, n=27 aged. C, Scatter plot demonstrating age‐dependent linear regression of the levels of 4‐HNE protein adduct indicative of overall lipid peroxidation in human myocardial tissue of the patient sample population (n=41) who underwent elective open‐heart surgery with age.