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. 2021 Aug 13;10(16):e019862. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019862

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© 2021 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A, Fold change in aortic tissue miR‐133a copy number following TAA induction in mice transfected with either the control virus (1.00±0.16‐fold) or the miR‐133a over expression virus (1.81±0.34‐fold) compared with nontransfected mice with TAA (red dashed line) (n=14). *Student t test and Welch's t test found a difference between miR‐133a virus vs control virus (P=0.048). B, Percentage change in aortic diameter in nontransfected (no virus) and transfected mice with the control virus, and miR‐133a virus 4 weeks (no virus: 55.70±5.80%, n=9; control virus: 65.95±1.97%, n=9; miR‐133a virus: 24.64±2.19%, n=9), 8 weeks (no virus: 0.64±0.07%, n=10; control virus: 0.49±0.03%, n=9; miR‐133a virus: 0.23±0.040%, n=6), and 16 weeks (no virus: 0.63±0.07%, n=8; control virus: 0.62±0.08%, n=7; miR‐133a virus: 0.25±0.05%, n=10) after aneurysm induction. *One‐way ANOVA, multiple comparisons vs control group (Bonferroni t test) found difference between miR‐133a virus vs no virus at 4 (P<0.001) and 16 (P<0.001) weeks. No difference was found between control virus vs no virus at 4 (P=0.359) or 16 (P=1) weeks. One‐way ANOVA, multiple comparisons vs control group (Dunn's method) found difference between miR‐133a virus vs no virus at 8 (P<0.001) weeks. No difference was found between control virus vs no virus at 8 weeks (P=0.761). ^#One‐way ANOVA, all pairwise multiple comparison procedure (Tukey test) found differences between miR‐133a virus vs control virus at 4 weeks (P<0.001) and 16 weeks (P=0.001), and no difference between no virus vs control virus at 4 (P=0.366) or 16 (P=0.999) weeks. One‐way ANOVA, multiple comparisons vs control group (Dunn's method) found a difference between miR‐133a virus vs control virus at 8 weeks (P=0.02) and no difference between no virus vs control virus at 8 weeks (P=1). C, Immunofluorescence (top) and modified Verhoeff–Van Gieson stain elastic stain (bottom) of non‐TAA control and nontransfected (no virus) and transfected mice with the control virus, and miR‐133a virus aortic sections 16 weeks following the TAA induction procedure. In the immunofluorescent images, elastin is seen as green autofluorescence, nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and red is a primary antibody to the green fluorescent protein conjugated with a secondary antibody labeled with a red Alexaflour. White arrows indicate transduced cells and elastin breaks. In the vertical point plots, the solid line represents the mean, the upper and lower bars represent the standard error of the mean, and the dotted line represents the median. D, Fold change in aortic tissue Myh11 copy number per DDR2 copy following TAA induction in mice transfected with either the control virus (0.79±0.15‐fold) or the miR‐133a overexpression virus (0.33±0.07‐fold) compared with nontransfected mice with TAA (red dashed line) (n=11). *Student t test and Welch's t test found a difference between miR‐133a virus vs control virus (P=0.018).