Table 2.
Comparison of serial conventional echocardiography findings in MIS-C with the control group
| MIS-C (n = 50) Echo (1) | MIS-C (n = 50) Echo (2) | MIS-C (n = 50) Echo (3) | Control (n = 40) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echo (1) vs. Control | Echo (2) vs. Control | Echo (3) vs. Control | Echo (1) vs. Echo (2) | Echo (2) vs. Echo (3) | |||||
| MR > trivial | 25 (50) | 18 (36) | 9 (18) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.005* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Pericardial effusion | 36 (72) | 32 (64) | 10 (20) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.003* | 0.006* | < 0.001* |
| Pleural effusion | 26 (52) | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* | 0.009* | – | < 0.001* | 0.009* |
| LV systolic function | |||||||||
| LVFS (%) | 30 (26–35) | 36 (31–38) | 38 (36–41) | 37 (34–41) | < 0.001* | 0.06 | 0.1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| 3D LVEF (%) | 52.8 ± 9.6 | 60.3 ± 4.8 | 65.1 ± 2.9 | 65.5 ± 4.5 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.36 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| MAPSE (mm) | 10 (9–12) | 11.5 (11–13) | 14 (12.8–15.3) | 14 (13–16) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.16 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral mitral s′ (cm/sn) | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 9.4 ± 1.5 | 11.2 ± 1.6 | 11.6 ± 1.8 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.09 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Septal mitral s′ (cm/sn) | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 9 ± 1.2 | 9.2 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.45 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| LV diastolic function | |||||||||
| E/A ratio | 1.5 (1.19–2.13) | 1.5 (1.25–1.81) | 1.42 (1.22–1.8) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 0.032* | 0.02* | < 0.001* | 0.95 | 0.35 |
| Lateral mitral e′(cm/sn) | 12.8 ± 2.2 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 15.1 ± 2.2 | 17.4 ± 2.1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral mitral e′ z score | − 2.5 ± 0.99 | − 2.16 ± 1 | − 1.6 ± 1.09 | 0.002* | < 0.001* | ||||
| Septal mitral e′ (cm/sn) | 10.1 ± 1.6 | 10.3 ± 1.6 | 11.1 ± 1.3 | 12.9 ± 1.5 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.7 | 0.006* |
| Septal mitral e′ z score | − 2.39 ± 0.83 | − 2.22 ± 0.8 | − 1.87 ± 0.68 | 0.2 | 0.009* | ||||
| Averaged E/e′ ratio | 8.6 (7.5–9.3) | 7.6 (7–8.2) | 7.1 (6.6–7.7) | 6.3 (5.8–7.1) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral/septal e′ ratio | 1.27 ± 0.14 | 1.32 ± 0.14 | 1.35 ± 0.14 | 1.35 ± 0.11 | 0.001* | 0.36 | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.98 |
| Right ventricle | |||||||||
| TAPSE (mm) | 17 (15–19) | 18.5 (16.75–20) | 20 (18–21) | 20 (18–21) | < 0.001* | 0.16 | 0.48 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Tricuspid s′ (cm/sn) | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 14.2 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | 0.03* | 0.36 | 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Tricuspid e′ (cm/sn) | 15.6 ± 2.7 | 15.6 ± 2.4 | 16.3 ± 2.5 | 16.2 ± 1.4 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.2 |
Echo (1) presents the echo on the day of worst left ventricular function, Echo (2) presents the echo on the day of improved left ventricular function, Echo (3) presents the echo on the day of discharge. 3D LVEF three-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction, LVFS left ventricular fractional shortening, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic, MIS-C multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, MR mitral regurgitation, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,
*p value < 0.05 Values are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)