Table 4.
Echocardiographic findings in preserved and reduced ejection fraction Groups in MIS-C and comparison with the control group
| MIS-C (ECHO-1) | Control | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (3D LVEF < %55) (n = 26) | Group 2 (3D LVEF ≥ %55) (n = 24) | (n = 40) | < % 55 vs. ≥ % 55 | < % 55 vs. Control | ≥ % 55 vs. Control | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 10.9 (8.9–14) | 8.3 (4.5–13) | 10.5 (7.6–13.9) | 0.27 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Male number, (%) | 14 (54) | 14 (58) | 18 (45) | 0.9 | 0.65 | 0.44 |
| Body weight (kg) | 34.5 (30–54.3) | 31.5 (17.5–53) | 40 (25–53) | 0.39 | 0.89 | 0.52 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.17 (1.03–1.57) | 1.07 (0.66–1.54) | 1.27 (0.92–1.54) | 0.35 | 0.9 | 0.42 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.2 (16.7–21.6) | 18.3 (16–20.4) | 19.1 (16.8–21.8) | 0.67 | 0.9 | 0.39 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 122 (104–136) | 118 (98–138) | 85 (78–95) | 0.9 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 99 (88–110) | 100 (90–110) | 105 (95–120) | 0.97 | 0.10 | 0.22 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 59 (50–64) | 60 (58–68) | 65 (60–75) | 0.79 | 0.008* | 0.068 |
| MR > trivial | 22 (85) | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Pericardial effusion | 23 (88) | 13 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.007* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Pleural effusion | 18 (69) | 8 (33) | 0 (0) | 0.011* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| LV systolic function | ||||||
| 3D LVEF | 47 (42–52) | 60 (57–63) | 65 (62–69) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| LV FS (%) | 26 (23–27) | 36 (32–38) | 37 (34–41) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.91 |
| MAPSE (mm) | 9 (8–10) | 11 (10–13) | 14 (13–16) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral mitral s′ (cm/sn) | 7 (6.4–8) | 9.5 (8.2–10.4) | 11.8 (10.7–12.8) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Septal mitral s′ (cm/sn) | 5.9 (5.5–8.1) | 8 (7.1–8.8) | 9.3 (8.3–10.1) | 0.002* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| LV diastolic function | ||||||
| E/A ratio | 2 (1.4–2.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 0.002* | 0,89 | 0,14 |
| Lateral mitral e′(cm/sn) | 12.1 (10.7–13.3) | 13.5 (12.1–14.7) | 17.2 (15.8–19.1) | 0.014* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral mitral e′ z score | − 3 (− 3.38 to − 2.38) | − 2.23 (− 2.60 to − 1.37) | 0.001 | |||
| Septal mitral e′ (cm/sn) | 10 (8.9–10.5) | 10.1 (9–12.1) | 12.9 (11.5–14.1) | 0.27 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Septal mitral e′ z score | − 2.5 (− 3.04 to − 2.31) | − 2.21 (− 2.72 to − 1.42) | 0.039 | |||
| Averaged E/e′ ratio | 8.9 (8.5–9.6) | 7.9 (7.2–8.7) | 6.3 (5.8–7.1) | 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
| Lateral/septal e′ ratio | 1.23 (1.18–1.33) | 1.27 (1.18–1.41) | 1.33 (1.29–1.43) | 0.22 | 0.001* | 0.34 |
| Right ventricle | ||||||
| TAPSE (mm) | 16 (15–18) | 18 (16–21) | 19 (17–21) | 0.06 | < 0.001* | 0.14 |
| Tricuspid s′ (cm/sn) | 11.5 (10.8–12.9) | 13.1 (12–14) | 14.1 (13.2–14.8) | 0.05 | < 0.001* | 0.054 |
| Tricuspid e′ (cm/sn) | 14.8 (13–17.6) | 15 (13.3–17.4) | 16.3 (15.4–17.3) | 0.9 | 0.69 | 0.67 |