Table 2.

Longitudinal association between intrinsic capacity and associated factors^a

Variable	GEE β estimatesb,c	P value	95% CI
			Lower limit	Upper limit
Age, years	0.002	0.612	−0.004	0.008
Sex
Women	−0.194	< 0.001	−0.250	− 0.138
Men	Reference
Educational level
≤ 9 years	Reference
10–12 years	−0.162	0.004	− 0.271	− 0.052
> 12 years	− 0.209	< 0.001	− 0.321	− 0.096
BMI	0.016	0.001	0.007	0.026
CCI	−0.028	0.001	−0.044	−0.012
Physical activity (BAQ), scores	0.039	< 0.001	0.025	0.052
Social frailty status
Social robustness	Reference
Social prefrailty	−0.132	< 0.001	− 0.175	− 0.089
Social frailty	− 0.258	< 0.001	− 0.357	− 0.159

Note. BMI Body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, BAQ Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire

^aAdjusted for age, sex, educational level, BMI, CCI score, BAQ score, and social frailty status

^bGEE β estimates reflect the mean differences in the composite intrinsic capacity scores

^cBold values denote statistical significance at the 0.05 level