Table 1.
Participant characteristics by perceived restrictiveness of social distancing and quality of life (QoL) categories
| QoL | pa | Perceived restrictiveness of social distancing | pa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant high (n = 104) | Low/moderate (n = 581) | Yes (n = 432) | No (n = 253) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Perceived restrictiveness of social distancing recommendations, high | 60 (58) | 372 (64) | .218 | – | – | – |
| QoL, constant high | – | – | – | 327 (86) | 209 (82) | .218 |
| Living arrangement, alone | 37 (36) | 226 (39) | .521 | 170 (39) | 93 (37) | .501 |
| Loneliness, no | 86 (83) | 317 (55) | < .001 | 236 (55) | 167 (66) | .004 |
| Age | ||||||
| 75 years | 63 (61) | 281 (48) | .027 | 226 (52) | 118 (47) | .337 |
| 80 years | 31 (30) | 190 (33) | 135 (31) | 86 (34) | ||
| 85 years | 10 (10) | 110 (19) | 71 (16) | 49 (19) | ||
| Sex, women | 71 (53) | 324 (59) | 276 (64) | 119 (47) | < .001 | |
| Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | pb | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | pb | |
| Stress-coping ability | 35.0 (4.1) | 31.0 (4.9) | < .001 | 31.1 (4.9) | 32.0 (5.1) | .022 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 1.9 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.4) | < .001 | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.4) | .067 |
| Chronic conditions, number | 2.7 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | < .001 | 3.5 (2.0) | 3.1 (1.9) | .013 |
| MMSE | 28.0 (1.8) | 27.5 (2.1) | .016 | 27.8 (2.0) | 27.3 (2.3) | .009 |
Bold typeface indicates statistically significant at the significance level of .05
The category no perceived restrictiveness of social distancing recommendation included the responses “not at all” and “little” and the category yes perceived restrictiveness included the responses “somewhat”, “much” and “very much”; the criterion for membership of the category constant high QoL was a QoL score in the highest quartile at baseline (≥ 59 points) and maintaining it at the same level during social distancing. Participants not meeting this criterion were considered to have low/moderate QoL; the category no loneliness included the response option “very rarely/never” and the category loneliness at least sometimes the response options from “almost always” to “rarely”
aTested with chi-square test
bTested with t test