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. 2021 Sep 26;20(1):141–152. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01323-7

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Environmental impact of different protective measures including lockdown, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and vaccines to limit the spreading of different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lockdown lowers air pollution, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) and improve air quality while vaccination increases energy consumption, waste generation, air, water and soil pollution