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. 2021 Sep 23;13(1):1973835. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1973835

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Inhibition of the production of CD toxins A and B by the combination of Gal-β1,4-Rha and B. infantis in fecal culture

C. difficile, B. infantis, and/or human fecal suspension from 5 donors were cultured in GAM-wos supplemented with or without 0.5% Gal-β1,4-Rha for 48 h, and CD toxins A and B in the fecal cultures were quantified by ELISA. Black bar, fecal suspension, and C. difficile were cultured in GAM-wos; gray bar, C. difficile, B. infantis, and fecal suspension were co-cultured in GAM-wos; checkered bar, C. difficile B. infantis, and fecal suspension were co-cultured in GAM-wos supplemented with 0.5% Gal-β1,4-Rha; diagonal bar, C. difficile and fecal suspension were cultured in GAM-wos supplemented with Gal-β1,4-Rha. These culture conditions are summarized in the table below the Figure (+, when the components were added to the medium; -, when not added). For all fecal suspensions, CD toxin was not detected when C. difficile was not inoculated into the culture and is not shown in the figure. Data represent means ± standard deviation. Paired one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction was performed. Individual data points are represented by circles.