Enhancement of RG1-VLP-specific humoral immunity in the presence of PP adjuvant formulations. Mice were immunized i.m. with 2 µg RG1-VLP alone or adjuvanted with 50 µg alum, 25 or 50 µg PCPP, 25 or 50 µg PCEP or Gardasil-9 on days 0, 21, 42 and peripheral blood sera samples derived on day 56. (A-B) Sera samples were tested for HPV16-L1- and HPV16-L2 RG1-specific IgG via ELISA. (C-F) Sera samples were analyzed for neutralizing titers via fc-PBNA specific for PsV16-, PsV18-, PsV39-, PsV6-SEAP. Data are reported as geometric means ± 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical comparisons are between VLPs alone and all groups or between alum and all groups (upper tier for A and C) and were generated using one-way ANOVA nonparametric analysis with the Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant (p > .05); *, p < .05; **, p < .01; ***, p < .001; ****, p < .0001