Study	Reason for exclusion
Cydulka 1995	Study is not designed to measure the effects of a beta‐2 agonist.
Emerman 1997	Study is not designed to measure the effects of a beta‐2 agonist.
Ikeda 1998	Nonsystematic review of the literature
Koutsogiannis 2000	The study was not included because although all patients were having COPD exacerbations, they were given both salbutamol and ipratropium at time=0 in the study. They then received either salbutamol, ipratropium or both at 15 minutes and 30 minutes after that. The initial medications given make it impossible to determine the effect on FEV‐1 of either drug alone.
Lloberes 1988	Patient population considered immediately recovered from an exacerbation of COPD.
Lu 1997	A non‐systematic review of the literature on the use of bronchodilators in COPD treatment (stable and exacerbations)
Madison 1998	A non‐systematic review of the literature on COPD treatment (stable and exacerbations)
Matera 1996	Population studied were stable COPD patients
Moayyedi 1995	Study is designed to measure the effects of ipratropium not a beta‐2 agonist.
Muir 1999	An expert review of COPD treatment
Musil 1996	Study is not designed to measure the effects of a beta‐2 agonist.
Musil 1997	20 patients with COPD and asthma exacerbations treated ‐ data not subdivided by underlying diagnosis
Musil 1998	Dosing study of an ipratropium/phenoterol combination product
Naberan 1998	Systematic review ( no meta‐analysis) with expert opinion treatment recommendations
Patrick 1990	Study is designed to measure the effects of ipratropium not a beta‐2 agonist.
Perri 1985	A randomized study to evaluate the effects of an inhaled steroid in combination with a beta‐2 agonist.
Phanareth 1997	Telephone survey to determine actual treatment regimens prescribed to patients with COPD and asthma
Rees 1998	Nonsystematic review/ expert opinion
Shrestha 1991	Study is designed to measure the effects of ipratropium not a beta‐2 agonist.
Wortmann‐Schmid 1999	A review of the ATS guidelines for treatment
Zehner 1995	83 patients with either asthma or COPD exacerbations ‐ unable to reliably determine the specific underlying disease in each patient so the results are pooled.