Table 2.

International Scientific Society Recommendations for Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases

Society	Recommendation for Influenza Vaccination
ACIP/CDC	Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all people aged ≥6 mo who do not have contraindications, with increased priority for high‐risk groups including patients with CVD.15
AHA/ACC	Influenza immunization with inactivated vaccine is recommended as part of comprehensive secondary prevention in people with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease (Class 1, Level B).31
ECDC	All adults who are recommended to have the influenza vaccine should get vaccinated. Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious influenza complications: adults with specific chronic medical conditions, pregnant women, and children aged 6–59 mo, the elderly and healthcare workers.32
ESC	Annual influenza vaccination may be considered in patients with established CVD (Class IIB, Level C).30
NACI‐Canada	Influenza vaccination should be offered annually to anyone 6 mo of age and older who does not have contraindications to the vaccine, with priority to those who are at increased of complications or hospitalization, and those capable of transmitting to high‐risk population. Patients with CVD are included in high‐risk groups.33
WHO	Annual influenza vaccination is recommended with highest priority for pregnant women. Additional risk groups to be considered include children aged 6–59 mo, adults of age ≥65 y, those with specific chronic medical conditions and healthcare workers.34

ACC indicates American College of Cardiology; ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; AHA, American Heart Association; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ECDC, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; NACI, National Advisory Committee on Immunization; and WHO, World Health Organization.