Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Empagliflozin (n=45) | Placebo (n=45) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age, y | 66±9 | 67±9 | 0.675 |
| Male sex, % | 76 | 84 | 0.492 |
| Known duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, y | 14 (7.5–19) | 15 (8–18) | 0.500 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.9±5.5 | 29.8±5.6 | 0.072 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 139±16 | 140±13 | 0.717 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 81±11 | 81±10 | 0.909 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| eGFR | 79.5±24.0 | 79.3±21.9 | 0.966 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 60.6±10.9 | 58.4±9.6 | 0.338 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.7±1.0 | 7.5±0.9 | 0.338 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.7±0.5 | 1.7±0.5 | 0,714 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.3 | 0.561 |
| NT‐proBNP, ng/L | 119.5 (70.3, 213.8) | 103 (46.8, 237.5) | 0.813 |
| NT‐proBNP >70 ng/L | 31 (69) | 26 (58) | 0.382 |
| UACR, mg/g | 17 (9, 42) | 25 (11, 82) | 0.547 |
| UACR >30 mg/g | 14 (31) | 16 (36) | 0.823 |
| Hematocrit, % | 40±4 | 40±4 | 0.727 |
| Cardiovascular status n (%) | |||
| History of myocardial infarction | 21 (47) | 15 (33) | 0.282 |
| Coronary stenosis, previous PCI or CABG | 27 (60) | 20 (44) | 0.206 |
| History of stroke | 6 (13) | 6 (13) | 1.000 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (7) | 3 (7) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus medication | |||
| Metformin | 35 (78) | 39 (87) | 0.408 |
| Insulin | 26 (58) | 26 (58) | 1.000 |
| GLP‐1 RA | 12 (27) | 11 (24) | 1.000 |
| DPP‐IV inhibitor | 6 (13) | 12 (27) | 0.188 |
| Sulfonylurea | 3 (7) | 3 (7) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | |||
| ACEi/ARB | 38 (84) | 33 (73) | 0.302 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 18 (40) | 20 (44) | 0.831 |
| Beta‐blockers, n (%) | 26 (58) | 14 (31) | 0.020 |
| Lipid lowering medication, n (%) | 41 (91) | 43 (96) | 0.673 |
| 82Rb‐PET/CT | |||
| MFR | 2.17±0.63 | 2.26±0.67 | 0.480 |
| RPP‐adjusted MFR | 1.93±0.64 | 2.01±0.54 | 0.511 |
| Myocardial stress flow, mL/g per min | 2.43±0.87 | 2.47±0.77 | 0.842 |
| Myocardial rest flow, mL/g per min | 1.16±0.36 | 1.17±0.42 | 0.835 |
| Baseline reversible extent (TPD, %) | 3.81±3.10 | 5.52±4.88 | 0.056 |
Values are presented as means±SD, medians (lower quartile–upper quartile) or percentages, as appropriate. 82Rb‐PET/CT indicates Rubidium‐82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography; ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; DPP‐IV, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP‐1 RA, glucose‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MFR, myocardial flow reserve; MI, myocardial infarction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RPP, rate‐pressure product; TPD, total perfusion deficit; and UACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.