Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Donors and Recipients According to Different Time Periods
| Variable | 2003–2007 (N=10 869) | 2008–2012 (N=11 654) | 2013–2017 (N=14 556) | P Value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transplanted Heart Donor Characteristics | ||||||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 3278 (30%) | 3683 (32%) | 4601 (32%) | 0.024 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 166.5±27.4 | 164.6±29.0 | 165.6±27.0 | <0.001 | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 73.9±25.7 | 73.9±27.1 | 75.7±27.2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Age, y, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||
| 0–17 | 2292 (21%) | 2360 (20%) | 2625 (18%) | |||||
| 18–55 | 8313 (76%) | 9053 (78%) | 11 635 (80%) | |||||
| 56 + | 264 (2%) | 241 (2%) | 296 (2%) | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||
| Asian | 159 (1%) | 204 (2%) | 270 (2%) | |||||
| Black | 1524 (14%) | 2051 (18%) | 2499 (17%) | |||||
| Hispanic | 1864 (17%) | 2001 (17%) | 2463 (17%) | |||||
| Other‡ | 165 (2%) | 1 35 (1%) | 250 (2%) | |||||
| White | 7157 (66%) | 7263 (62%) | 9074 (62%) | |||||
| Cause of death, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||
| Anoxia | 1388 (13%) | 2500 (21%) | 4766 (33%) | |||||
| Central nervous system tumor | 110 (1%) | 86 (1%) | 69 (0%) | |||||
| Cerebrovascular | 2347 (22%) | 2340 (20%) | 2328 (16%) | |||||
| Head trauma | 6819 (63%) | 6430 (55%) | 7055 (48%) | |||||
| Other | 205 (2%) | 298 (3%) | 338 (2%) | |||||
| Overdose death, n (%) | 303 (3%) | 620 (5%) | 1656 (11%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1143 (11%) | 1459 (13%) | 1909 (13%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 228 (2%) | 340 (3%) | 449 (3%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 107 (1%) | 45 (0%) | 52 (0%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cancer, n (%) | 178 (2%) | 165 (1%) | 170 (1%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cigarette use, n (%) | 2239 (21%) | 1429 (12%) | 1320 (9%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cocaine, n (%) | 1285 (12%) | 1427 (12%) | 2476 (17%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Intravenous drugs, n (%) | 55 (1%) | 411 (4%) | 1355 (9%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Other drug, n (%) | 3228 (30%) | 4171 (36%) | 6758 (46%) | <0.001 | ||||
| HIV risk, n (%) | 596 (5%) | 1067 (9%) | 3255 (22%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Heart Transplant Recipients’ Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, y | 44.9±19.6 | 45.2±20.7 | 46.5±20.5 | <0.001 | ||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 2828 (27%) | 3281 (29%) | 4163 (29%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Sex match, n (%) | 7351 (69%) | 7998 (70%) | 10 558 (73%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Female donor to male recipient, n (%) | 1776 (17%) | 1835 (16%) | 2102 (15%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Ischemic time (hours) | 3.3±1.1 | 3.3±1.1 | 3.2±1.1 | <0.001 | ||||
| Total bilirubin mg/dL | 1.3±2.5 | 1.1±1.9 | 1.0±1.8 | <0.001 | ||||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.3±1.0 | 1.2±1.0 | 1.2±1.0 | <0.001 | ||||
| Undersized,† n (%) | 1867 (18%) | 2038 (18%) | 2497 (17%) | 0.51 | ||||
All numbers are displayed as mean±SD or percentages as indicated.
*
The P values were calculated using chi‐square tests for categorical variables or Kruskal‐Wallis tests for continuous measures and correspond to a nontrend analysis signifying any difference among the eras.
†
Undersizing was calculated using predicted heart mass and noted when donor size was <86% of the recipient.
‡
Other indicates American Indian or Alaska native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.