Table 3.
Association of LA Structure and Function With Primary Composite Outcome and HF Hospitalization in Multivariable Analysis
| Variable | Event/No. |
LAVImax per 1‐SD Increase |
LAVImin per 1‐SD Increase |
LAEF per 1‐SD Decrease |
LA Reservoir Strain per 1‐SD Decrease |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Primary | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 103/331 | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 0.09 | 1.35 (1.12–1.61) | 0.001 | 1.63 (1.22–2.18) | 0.001 | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) | 0.002 |
| Model 1+LVMI | 103/329 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 0.37 | 1.30 (1.06–1.58) | 0.011 | 1.58 (1.18–2.11) | 0.002 | 1.47 (1.11–1.94) | 0.007 |
| Model 1+LV GLS | 87/285 | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | 0.12 | 1.30 (1.05–1.60) | 0.015 | 1.49 (1.05–2.11) | 0.024 | 1.29 (0.92–1.82) | 0.15 |
| Model 1+E/e′ | 87/270 | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) | 0.29 | 1.24 (0.98–1.57) | 0.07 | 1.26 (0.89–1.79) | 0.19 | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | 0.29 |
| Model 1+LAVImax | 103/331 | 1.58 (1.17–2.13) | 0.003 | 1.49 (1.13–1.98) | 0.005 | ||||
| Model 1+LAVImin | 103/331 | … | … | … | … | 1.45 (1.02–2.06) | 0.037 | 1.37 (1.01–1.87) | 0.044 |
| Model 1+LAEF | 103/331 | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | 0.39 | 1.17 (0.91–1.49) | 0.23 | ||||
| Model 1+LA reservoir strain | 103/331 | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 0.30 | 1.21 (0.96–1.51) | 0.10 | ||||
| HF hospitalization | |||||||||
| Model 1 | 78/331 | 1.25 (1.02–1.54) | 0.034 | 1.42 (1.17–1.71) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.45–2.86) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.31–2.54) | <0.001 |
| Model 1+LVMI | 78/329 | 1.16 (0.91–1.48) | 0.23 | 1.36 (1.10–1.67) | 0.004 | 1.96 (1.39–2.75) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.23–2.40) | 0.002 |
| Model 1+LV GLS | 66/285 | 1.26 (1.01–1.58) | 0.043 | 1.37 (1.11–1.71) | 0.004 | 1.82 (1.22–2.74) | 0.004 | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) | 0.06 |
| Model 1+E/e′ | 67/270 | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 0.22 | 1.31 (1.02–1.67) | 0.035 | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) | 0.034 | 1.32 (0.90–1.94) | 0.15 |
| Model 1+LAVImax | 78/331 | 1.95 (1.37–2.78) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.24–2.44) | 0.001 | ||||
| Model 1+LAVImin | 78/331 | … | … | … | … | 1.79 (1.21–2.65) | 0.004 | 1.58 (1.10–2.25) | 0.013 |
| Model 1+LAEF | 78/331 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 0.36 | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) | 0.33 | ||||
| Model 1+LA reservoir strain | 78/331 | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 0.25 | 1.22 (0.96–1.55) | 0.96 | ||||
SD for LAVImax=17.6 mL/m2, SD for LAVImin=15.4 mL/m2, SD for LAEF=14.2%, and SD for LA strain=8.9%. Model 1 included age, sex, race, randomization strata, randomized treatment assignment, history of atrial fibrillation, heart rate, New York Heart Association class, history of stroke, creatinine, hematocrit, and left ventricular ejection fraction. E indicates peak early mitral inflow velocity; e′, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; LA, left atrial; LAEF, LA emptying fraction; LAVImax, indexed maximal LA volume; LAVImin, indexed minimal LA volume; LV, left ventricular; and LVMI, LV mass index.