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. 2021 Jul 29;10(15):e021069. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.021069

Figure 5. Vicious cycle of cardiorenal linkage via high HE4 (human epididymis protein 4).

Figure 5

In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), HE4 expression is elevated in kidney, and HE4 was secreted into the serum. The circulating HE4 introduced fibroblast activation accompanied by phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). These were associated with cardiac remodeling and future adverse cardiovascular events.