Table 2.
Comparison of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) key residues involved in binding to S protein of SARS-CoV-2
| ACE2 binding region 1 | ACE2 binding region 2 | ACE2 binding region 3 | ACE2 binding region 4 | Different # of key residues | Evolutionary divergence estimates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | * | 24* | 25 | 26 | 27* | 28* | 29 | 30 | 31* | 32 | 33 | 34* | 35* | 36 | 37* | 38* | 39 | 40 | 41* | 42* | 43 | 44 | 45* | * | 80 | 81 | 82* | 83* | 84* | 325* | 326 | 327 | 328 | 329* | 330* | 353* | 354* | 355* | 356 | 357* | ||
| Homo sapiens | S | Q | A | K | T | F | L | D | K | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | F | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | Q | M | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | K | G | D | F | R | 0/23 | 0 |
| Aotus nancymaae | S | Q | A | K | T | F | L | D | K | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | F | H | E | N | S | L | L | A | Q | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | K | Q | D | F | R | 4/23 | 0.157 |
| Sapajus apella | S | Q | A | K | T | F | L | D | K | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | F | H | E | N | S | L | L | A | Q | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | K | Q | D | F | R | 4/23 | 0.157 |
| Manis javanica | S | E | A | K | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | S | E | A | E | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | I | A | K | N | Y | Q | Q | T | F | W | E | N | K | H | D | F | R | 7/23 | 0.468 |
| Paguma larvata | S | L | A | K | T | F | L | E | T | F | N | Y | E | A | Q | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | V | L | A | Q | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | K | G | D | F | R | 7/23 | 0.303 |
| Puma concolor | S | L | A | K | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | H | E | A | E | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | K | G | D | F | R | 3/23 | 0.185 |
| Nyctereutes procyonoides | S | L | V | N | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | Y | E | A | E | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | E | N | R | G | D | F | R | 5/23 | 0.333 |
| Chrysocyon brachyurus | S | L | V | K | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | Y | E | A | E | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | E | F | W | E | N | K | G | D | F | R | 4/23 | 0.302 |
| Speothos venaticus | S | L | V | K | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | Y | E | A | E | E | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | E | F | W | E | N | K | G | D | F | R | 4/23 | 0.302 |
| Odocoileus virginianus | S | Q | A | K | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | M | A | K | T | Y | S | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | G | D | F | R | 4/23 | 0.213 |
| Camelus ferus | S | L | A | K | T | F | L | E | E | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | T | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | G | D | F | R | 5/23 | 0.279 |
| Dasypus novemcinctus | S | Q | A | S | T | F | L | E | T | F | N | Q | Q | A | E | E | L | S | H | Q | S | A | L | M | A | Q | N | F | S | E | G | F | W | N | N | K | G | D | F | R | 10/23 | 0.624 |
| Rhinolophus affinis | S | R | A | K | I | F | L | D | N | F | N | H | E | A | E | D | L | S | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | N | Y | P | E | G | F | W | N | N | K | G | D | F | R | 6/23 | 0.291 |
| Rhynchonycteris naso | P | Q | A | K | T | F | L | D | K | F | N | Y | E | A | E | Q | L | S | F | E | S | S | L | R | A | K | A | F | P | E | G | F | W | K | N | K | N | D | F | R | 11/23 | 0.567 |
| Saccopteryx bilineata | P | E | A | K | T | F | L | D | R | F | N | Y | E | A | E | Q | L | S | F | E | S | S | L | R | A | K | D | F | S | E | G | F | W | K | N | K | N | D | F | R | 13/23 | 0.756 |
| Tadarida brasiliensis | S | E | A | K | I | F | L | Q | R | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | H | H | Q | N | S | L | H | A | K | R | Y | P | Q | E | F | W | N | N | K | G | D | F | R | 9/23 | 0.651 |
| Molossus molossus | S | K | A | K | I | F | L | D | N | F | N | I | R | A | E | E | L | H | H | Q | S | S | L | Q | A | K | M | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | N | N | D | F | R | 11/23 | 0.569 |
| Myotis riparius | S | K | A | K | I | F | L | E | N | F | N | S | K | A | E | D | L | S | H | E | S | A | L | L | A | Q | T | Y | P | A | G | F | W | N | N | ? | G | D | F | R | 10/22 | 0.550 |
| Eptesicus brasiliensis | S | N | A | T | I | F | L | E | N | F | N | S | E | A | E | D | L | S | H | E | S | A | L | L | A | Q | T | Y | P | P | G | F | W | N | N | K | D | D | F | R | 10/23 | 0.602 |
| Micronycteris schmidtorum | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | A | K | A | E | E | L | Y | H | R | S | S | L | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | K | D | F | R | 9/19 | 0.562 |
| Micronycteris microtis | T | E | A | R | K | F | L | E | A | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | ? | ? | ? | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | K | D | F | R | 9/20 | 0.582 |
| Micronycteris hirsuta | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | N | F | N | T | K | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | ? | ? | ? | Q | G | F | W | D | N | N | K | D | F | R | 10/20 | 0.595 |
| Desmodus rotundus | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | N | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | W | F | Y | Q | N | S | L | I | A | K | T | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | N | K | D | F | R | 10/23 | 0.609 |
| Carollia perspicillata | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | H | E | L | S | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | N | D | F | R | 9/23 | 0.568 |
| Uroderma bilobatum | A | D | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | Y | E | S | A | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | N | D | F | R | 8/23 | 0.528 |
| Chiroderma villosum | A | D | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | Y | E | S | A | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | N | D | F | R | 8/23 | 0.528 |
| Artibeus lituratus | A | D | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | Y | E | S | A | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | N | D | F | R | 8/23 | 0.528 |
| Vampyrum spectrum | T | E | A | R | I | F | L | E | N | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | N | D | F | R | 10/23 | 0.545 |
| Phyllostomus hastatus | T | E | A | R | K | F | L | E | N | F | N | N | K | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | N | Y | S | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | K | D | F | R | 12/23 | 0.661 |
| Phyllostomus discolor | T | D | A | R | K | F | L | E | N | F | N | N | E | A | E | E | L | Y | Y | Q | S | S | L | L | A | K | N | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | K | D | F | R | 9/23 | 0.531 |
| Glossophaga soricina | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | T | F | N | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | R | S | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | G | D | F | R | 8/23 | 0.506 |
| Glossophaga commissarisi | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | K | F | ? | T | E | A | E | E | L | Y | H | Q | R | S | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | G | D | F | R | 7/23 | 0.467 |
| Anoura geoffroyi | T | E | A | R | T | F | L | E | N | F | N | T | E | A | E | D | L | Y | Y | Q | R | S | L | L | A | K | A | Y | P | Q | G | F | W | D | N | K | G | D | F | R | 6/23 | 0.412 |
? character represents the missing data
* symbols indicate the ACE2 residues that interact with SARS-CoV-2 S protein