Table 2.
Drugs, mechanical ventilation and other specific ICU treatments of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU considering the presence of positive results of auto-Abs IFN-α2 or auto-Abs IFN-ω obtained by ELISA and luciferase activity techniques
| Variable | All results for auto-Abs to type I IFNs (n = 275) |
Neutralizing positive results for some or both auto-Abs to type I IFNs (n = 26) |
Neutralizing negative results for both auto-Abs to type I IFNs (n = 249) |
p-value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific ICU treatment and mechanical ventilation data | |||||
| Patients with CRRT; n (%) | 28 (10.2) | 3 (11.5) | 25 (10.0) | 0.736 | 1.169 (0.328–4.170) |
| Patients with ECMO; n (%) | 25 (9.1) | 2 (7.7) | 23 (9.2) | 1.000 | 0.819 (0.182–3.688) |
| paO2/FiO2, mmHg/%; median (IQR) | 116.5 (86–166) | 111 (85–153) | 120 (86.5–167) | 0.313 | n.a |
| Patients treated with IMV; n (%) | 232 (84.4) | 22 (84.6) | 210 (84.3) | 1.000 | 1.021 (0.334–3.127) |
| Patients with nitric oxide administration during IMV; n (%) | 38 (13.8) | 4 (15.4) | 34 (13.7) | 0.767 | 1.150 (0.373–3.542) |
| Patients positioned in prone position during IMV; n (%) | 205 (74.5) | 18 (69.2) | 187 (75.1) | 0.513 | 0.746 (0.309–1.800) |
| Number of days with IMV; median (IQR) | 13 (4–27) | 11 (3–17) | 13 (4–28) | 0.291 | n.a |
| Drugs administration | |||||
| Patients treated with hydroxychloroquine; n (%) | 126 (45.8) | 13 (50.0) | 113 (45.4) | 0.653 | 1.204 (0.536–2.701) |
| Patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir; n (%) | 85 (30.9) | 11 (42.3) | 74 (29.7) | 0.186 | 1.734 (0.761–3.954) |
| Patients treated with remdesivir; n (%) | 53 (19.3) | 5 (19.2) | 48 (19.3) | 0.995 | 0.997 (0.358–2.778) |
| Patients treated with azithromycin; n (%) | 69 (25.1) | 5 (19.2) | 64 (25.7) | 0.469 | 0.688 (0.249–1.901) |
| Patients treated with tocilizumab; n (%) | 84 (30.5) | 9 (34.6) | 75 (30.1) | 0.636 | 1.228 (0.524–2.880) |
| Patients treated with corticosteroids; n (%) | 253 (92.0) | 25 (96.2) | 228 (91.6) | 0.705 | 2.303 (0.297–17.85) |
| Patients treated with interferon beta 1; n (%) | 29 (10.5) | 3 (11.5) | 26 (10.4) | 0.744 | 1.119 (0.314–3.983) |
| Patients treated with enoxaparin; n (%) | 250 (91.2) | 26 (100.0) | 224 (90.3) | 0.144 | n.a |
|
Patients treated with anticoagulants with prophylactic or therapeutic goal; n (%) |
275 (100) | 26 (100.0) | 249 (100.0) | n.a | n.a |
OR, odds-ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartilic range; n.a., not applicable; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; paO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
Numbers in bold indicate a p-value < 0.05