Table 1.
Demographics and Drinking Characteristics for At-Risk and Healthy Groups (Mean, Standard Deviation)
| At-risk | Healthy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle-age | Older adult | Middle | Older adult | |
| PEth total (μM) | 1.23 (1.38) | 0.68 (0.71) | 0.21 (0.38) | 0.14 (0.16) |
| PEth 16:0/18:2 (μM) | 0.59 (0.67) | 0.30 (0.26) | 0.10 (0.18) | 0.07 (0.08) |
| PEth 16:0/18:1 (μM) | 0.63 (0.74) | 0.38 (0.45) | 0.11 (0.20) | 0.07 (0.08) |
| Total DRs 30 days | 94.19 (58.61) | 77.06 (41.23) | 24.8 (22.36) | 33.80 (22.14) |
| Total # DR days | 19.14 (6.89) | 22.62 (7.11) | 11.1 (8.62) | 18.68 (9.05) |
| Total # HDD | 7.93 (8.05) | 3.62 (5.96) | 0.62 (1.77) | 0.21 (0.86) |
| Avg. # DRs/d | 3.16 (1.95) | 2.56 (1.37) | 0.82 (0.74) | 1.12 (0.74) |
| Avg. # DRs/DD | 5.07 (3.04) | 3.49 (1.51) | 2.14 (1.19) | 1.75 (0.66) |
| % Heavy DDs | 41.49 (36.5) | 19.29 (29.16) | 6.16 (15.37) | 0.88 (3.83) |
| AUDIT Total | 13.21 (5.48) | 10.62 (4.18) | 4.82 (2.36) | 4.62 (1.69) |
| AUDIT-C | 7.76 (1.40) | 7.00 (1.41) | 3.68 (1.24) | 3.85 (0.98) |
| Bilirubin Total (mg/dl) | 0.64 (0.31) | 0.58 (0.21) | 0.54 (0.30) | 0.70 (0.94) |
| AST (U/L) | 30.55 (25.2) | 23.90 (7.48) | 20.16 (6.9) | 23.77 (7.17) |
| ALT(U/L) | 28.48 (22.41) | 22.29 (8.57) | 22.14 (13.51) | 22.75 (12.42) |
| GGT (U/L) | 42.93 (46.70) | 47.60 (73.18) | 26.71 (25.44) | 23.86 (18.75) |
| Age | 45.79 (7.57) | 65.69 (5.03) | 48.14 (7.88) | 69.85 (6.72) |
| BMI | 26.93 (3.88) | 27.45 (3.94) | 28.86 (4.98) | 25.33 (4.06) |
| MCQ | 4.49 (5.38) | 11.18 (10.4) | 6.03 (5.61) | 8.09 (6.74) |
| PHQ-9 | 4.76 (4.69) | 2.81 (2.93) | 2.58 (2.75) | 1.75 (2.17) |
| BAI | 6.23 (7.88) | 3.41 (3.90) | 3.21 (3.93) | 2.16 (3.89) |
| N | 47 | 32 | 51 | 53 |
| Gender m/f | 31/16 | 26/6 | 32/19 | 32/21 |
PEth = phosphatidylethanol, PEth total is the sum of the molar blood concentrations of PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2; Total DRs 30 days = total drinks consumed in past 30 days, obtained with Timeline Followback (TLFB; Form 30), which also provided the next 5 variables; Total # DR days = number of days in the past 30 days that participant drank alcohol; Total # HDD = total number of heavy drinking days (≥4 for women and ≥6 for men); Avg. # DRs/day = average number of drinks consumed per day; Avg. # DRs/DD = average number of drinks consumed on a drinking day; % Heavy DDs, percent of drinking days that were heavy; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, score range 0 to 30, higher scores indicate greater alcohol misuse; AUDIT-C, consumption portion of the AUDIT, score range 0 to 12, higher scores indicate riskier drinking; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; BMI, body mass index; MCQ, medical comorbidity questionnaire, score range 0 to 145, higher scores indicate more medical conditions and greater adverse impact; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire, score range 0 to 27, higher scores indicate more depression symptoms; BAI, Beck Anxiety Index, score range 0 to 63, higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms.
Bold type indicates significant difference, p < 0.01, and italics indicates significant difference, p < 0.05, between middle-age and older age groups within the “at-risk” and “healthy” drinking groups for Student’s t-test.