Table 2.

Within-group mean differences (95% CI) of the summed score from the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), the summed score from the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale Questionnaire (PASS), and the back pain bothersomeness score (pain bothersomeness) at each subsequent time point compared with baseline.^*

Variable	Group	4 wk	8 wk	13 wk	26 wk
RDQ	PSRT	−7.7 (95% CI: −10.4, −5.0), P < 0.01	−8.5 (95% CI: −11.8, −5.3), P < 0.01	−7.5 (95% CI: −9.9, −5.2), P < 0.01	−6.2 (95% CI: −9.4, −3.0), P < 0.01
	MBSR	−2.7 (95% CI: −5.0, −0.3), P = 0.03	−2.5 (95% CI: −7.6, −1.4), P < 0.01	−5.1 (95% CI: −8.5, −1.6), P < 0.01	−4.4 (95% CI: −7.4, −1.5), P < 0.01
	Usual care	−1.2 (95% CI: −2.9, 0.6), P = 0.18	1.1† (95% CI: −2.3, 4.5), P = 0.50	−0.2 (95% CI: −1.7, 1.3), P = 0.81	−0.2 (95% CI: −2.8, 2.5), P = 0.89
Pain bothersomeness	PSRT	−3.5 (95% CI: −5.0, −1.9), P < 0.01	−3.8 (95% CI: −5.6, −2.1), P < 0.01	−4.5 (95% CI: −6.2, −2.7), P < 0.01	−4.2 (95% CI: −6.9, −1.4), P < 0.01
	MBSR	−1.9 (95% CI: −4.4, 0.6), P = 0.12	−2.4 (95% CI: −4.7, −0.1), P = 0.04	−1.3 (95% CI: −3.9, 1.2), P = 0.27	−2.4 (95% CI: −4.7, −0.1), P = 0.04
	Usual care	−1.3 (95% CI: −2.4, −0.2), P = 0.02	−0.6 (95% CI: −2.1, 0.9), P = 0.40	−1.0 (95% CI: −2.6, 0.6), P = 0.20	−1.8 (95% CI: −3.5, 0.0), P = 0.05
PASS	PSRT	−25.9 (95% CI: −41.8, −10.0), P < 0.01	−35.0 (95% CI: −49.1, −20.9), P < 0.01	−34.2 (95% CI: −48.6, −19.8), P < 0.01	−33.6 (95% CI: −48.3, −19.0), P < 0.01
	MBSR	−5.5 (95% CI: −15.8, 4.8), P = 0.26	−13.5 (95% CI: −23.1, −3.8), P = 0.01	−17.3 (95% CI: −31.3, −3.4), P = 0.02	−16.8 (95% CI: −26.1, −7.4), P < 0.01
	Usual care	−7.5 (95% CI: −16.0, 1.0), P = 0.08	−4.8 (95% CI: −15.1, 5.4), P = 0.32	−6.0 (95% CI: −14.9, 2.9), P = 0.16	−0.3 (95% CI: −8.5, 8.0), P = 0.95

^*Larger and more negative values indicate larger decrease compared with baseline (greater improvement).

^†Positive values indicate increase from baseline.

MBSR, mindfulness-based stress reduction; PSRT, psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy.