Table 2. Overview of toxin gene families and subtypes in the venom gland transcriptome of Calliophis bivirgata flaviceps.
| Toxin gene families/subtypes | Species and annotation based on sequence similarities | Transcript abundancea (non-redundant transcript) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Three-finger toxin (3FTx) | 94.19 (20) | ||
| Short-chain 3FTx | 94.16 (18) | ||
| Delta-elapitoxin-Cb1a* | P0DL82 | Calliophis bivirgatus | 40.14 (2) |
| Three-finger toxin MALT0070C | F5CPE6 | Micrurus altirostris | 20.07 (3) |
| Neurotoxin 3FTx-LI | P0C553 | Bungarus fasciatus | 13.68 (3) |
| Cytotoxin A5* | P62375 | Naja atra | 7.26 (2) |
| Neurotoxin 3FTx-RK | P0C554 | Bungarus fasciatus | 5.87 (1) |
| Three-finger toxin D.L | A0A0H4BLZ2 | Micrurus diastema | 4.63 (2) |
| Three-finger toxin T.B | A0A0H4IS80 | Micrurus tener | 1.21 (1) |
| Maticotoxin A* | P24742 | Calliophis bivirgatus | 1.15 (1) |
| Cytotoxin homolog 3* | P01473 | Naja melanoleuca | 0.07 (1) |
| Neurotoxin 3FTx-RI | P0C555 | Bungarus fasciatus | 0.04 (1) |
| Neurotoxin-like protein NTL2 | Q9W717 | Naja atra | 0.03 (1) |
| Long-chain 3FTx | 0.03 (1) | ||
| Long neurotoxin LlLong | Q7T2I3 | Laticauda laticaudata | 0.03 (1) |
| Non-conventional 3FTx | < 0.01 (1) | ||
| Probable weak neurotoxin 3FTx-Lio1 | A7X3M9 | Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus | < 0.01 (1) |
| Phospholipase A2 (svPLA2) | 0.17 (5) | ||
| Phospholipase A2 2* | P24645 | Calliophis bivirgatus | 0.08 (1) |
| Basic phospholipase A2 PC17* | Q8UUH8 | Laticauda colubrina | 0.07 (2) |
| Basic phospholipase A2 PC9 | Q8UUH9 | Laticauda colubrina | 0.02 (1) |
| Group XV phospholipase A2 | V8NS07 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (1) |
| Snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) | 0.67 (10) | ||
| Asrin* | A6XJS7 | Austrelaps superbus | 0.50 (1) |
| Snake venom metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like mocarhagin | Q10749 | Naja mossambica | 0.10 (1) |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like MTP4 | F8RKW1 | Drysdalia coronoides | 0.04 (2) |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like ohanin | A3R0T9 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Nigrescease-1 | B5KFV8 | Cryptophis nigrescens | 0.01 (2) |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like NaMP* | A8QL59 | Naja atra | < 0.01 (1) |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like BmMP | A8QL49 | Bungarus multicinctus | < 0.01 (1) |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like atragin | D3TTC2 | Naja atra | < 0.01 (1) |
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KSPI) | 3.65 (4) | ||
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor mulgin-3 | Q6ITB9 | Pseudechis australis | 3.16 (1) |
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor textilinin-4 | Q90W98 | Pseudonaja textilis textilis | 0.47 (1) |
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor vestiginin-2 | A6MFL2 | Demansia vestigiata | 0.02 (1) |
| Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1* | V8N7R6 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Vespryn (VES) | 0.87 (1) | ||
| Ohanin* | P83234 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.87 (1) |
| Cystatin (CYS) | 0.15 (6) | ||
| Cystatin* | E3P6N7 | Pseudechis porphyriacus | 0.12 (1) |
| Cystatin-C* | V8NX38 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Cystatin-B | V8P5H9 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Cystatin 1 | A0A2H4N3F5 | Bothrops moojeni | < 0.01 (2) |
| Cystatin* | E3P6P4 | Naja kaouthia | < 0.01 (1) |
| Phosphodiesterase (PDE) | 0.09 (2) | ||
| Snake venom phosphodiesterase | 5GZ4 | Naja atra | 0.05 (1) |
| Venom phosphodiesterase 1 | J3SEZ3 | Crotalus adamanteus | 0.04 (1) |
| Natriuretic peptides (NAP) | 0.08 (2) | ||
| Natriuretic peptide Na-NP | D9IX97 | Naja atra | 0.08 (1) |
| C-type natriuretic peptide | Q09GK2 | Philodryas olfersii | < 0.01(1) |
| Aminopeptidase (AP) | 0.04 (9) | ||
| Aminopeptidase* | B6EWW5 | Gloydius brevicaudus | 0.03 (2) |
| Aminopeptidase NPEPL1* | A0A2H4N3C8 | Bothrops moojeni | 0.01 (2) |
| Aminopeptidase* | T2HQN1 | Ovophis okinavensis | < 0.01 (2) |
| Aminopeptidase B* | V8N861 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (1) |
| Aminopeptidase O | V8NPW5 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (2) |
| Neprilysin (NEP) | 0.03 (1) | ||
| Neprilysin* | V8NQ76 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.03 (1) |
| Waprin (WAP) | 0.02 (2) | ||
| Porwaprin-b* | B5L5N2 | Pseudechis porphyriacus | 0.02 (1) |
| Waprin-Phi3* | A7X4M7 | Philodryas olfersii | < 0.01 (1) |
| 5' nucleotidase (5’NUC) | 0.02 (3) | ||
| Snake venom 5' nucleotidase* | F8S0Z7 | Crotalus adamanteus | 0.02 (1) |
| 5' nucleotidase* | A6MFL8 | Demansia vestigiata | < 0.01 (1) |
| 5' nucleotidase | A0A024AXW5 | Micropechis ikaheca | < 0.01 (1) |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) | 0.02 (5) | ||
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 1* | V8N9E5 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 2* | V8NF35 | Ophiophagus hannah | 0.01 (1) |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 9* | V8NC40 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (2) |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 8* | V8N5Q6 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (1) |
| Phospholipase B (PLB) | 0.01 (2) | ||
| Phospholipase-B 81* | F8J2D3 | Spilotes sulphureus | 0.01 (1) |
| Phospholipase B-like | V8NLQ9 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (1) |
| Snake venom serine protease (SVSP) | < 0.01 (1) | ||
| Snake venom serine protease | P18965 | Daboia siamensis | < 0.01 (1) |
| Hyaluronidase (HYA) | < 0.01 (1) | ||
| Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 | V8P471 | Ophiophagus hannah | < 0.01 (1) |
a
Transcript abundance expression (%) is based on FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped). *Number of full-length toxin transcripts from venom gland of Calliophis bivirgata flaviceps. Determined by the coverage of amino acids of transcripts to amino acids of mature chain of annotated proteins.