Table 4.
Prevalence and Association of ESβL-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli Carriage Rate with Demographic and Clinical Factors Among Hospitalized Neonates
| Variables and Category | ESβL + N(%) | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%, CI) | P-value | AOR (95%, CI) | P-value | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||||
| <32 | 11(64.7) | 4.7(1.6–13.7) | 0.004 | 0.8(0.9–6.5) | 0.805 |
| 32–36 | 20(41.7) | 1.8(0.938–3.6) | 0.076 | 0.6(0.9–4.2) | 0.621 |
| >36 | 41(27.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Birth weight (g) | |||||
| <2500 | 37(44) | 2.1(1.2–3.7) | 0.013 | 1.8(0.66.0) | 0.308 |
| >2500 | 35(27.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Birth place | |||||
| Hospital | 57(36.5) | 1.6(0.8–3.1) | 0.188 | 0.8(0.35–1.9) | 0.686 |
| Health center | 15(26.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Types of feeding | |||||
| Breast feeding | 30(29.4) | 0.6(0.3–1.0) | 0.069 | 2(0.7–5.6) | 0.173 |
| Formula milk | 10(28.6) | 0.5(0.23–1.3) | 0.159 | 1.7(0.5–5.9) | 0.399 |
| No feeding | 32(42.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prematurity | |||||
| Yes | 32(51.6) | 2.9(1.6–5.4) | 0.000 | 1(0.2–5.9) | 0.933 |
| No | 40(26.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Surgical intervention | |||||
| Yes | 5(55.6) | 2.5(0.7–9.7) | 0.175 | 4(0.7–33.2) | 0.101 |
| No | 67(33.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Birth defect | |||||
| Yes | 7(50) | 2(0.7–6.0) | 0.197 | 0.8(0.2–4.6) | 0.887 |
| No | 65(32.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hypothermia | |||||
| Yes | 27(50.9) | 2.6(1.4–5.0) | 0.003 | 1.5(0.6–3.7) | 0.293 |
| No | 45(28.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Parenteral nutrition | |||||
| Yes | 52(44.3) | 3.2(1.7–5.9) | 0.000 | 2(0.8–5.5) | 0.138 |
| No | 20(20.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| CPAP | |||||
| Yes | 47(37.3) | 1.5(0.8–2.6) | 0.215 | 0.6(0.3–1.4) | 0.283 |
| No | 25(29.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Endotracheal intubation | |||||
| Yes | 36(57.1 | 4.2(2.2–7.8) | 0.000 | 4.2(1.8–9.5) | 0.001 |
| No | 36(24.5) | 1 | |||
| Treated with AMP+GENT | |||||
| Yes | 57(43.5) | 3.4(1.6–6.5) | 0.000 | 3.3(1.5–7.6) | 0.004 |
| No | 15(18.5) | 1 | |||
| Length of stay in NICU | |||||
| 1–10 | 25(22.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 11–20 | 37(43.5) | 2.6(1.4–4.8) | 0.002 | 2(1.0–4.5) | 0.042 |
| >20 | 10(58.8) | 4.9(1.7–14.0) | 0. 004 | 1.9(0.5–6.8) | 0.350 |
Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; AMP, ampicillin; GENT, gentamicin; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.