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. 2021 Sep 20;2021:2250690. doi: 10.1155/2021/2250690

Table 2.

Sociodemographic and HPV-associated risk factors among HIV- and non-HIV-infected women.

Category N (%) Total HIV negative (n (%)) HIV positive (n (%)]
HPV HPV status Total p value HPV status Total p value
Prevalence Negative positive negative positive
Residence
Embu 85 (26.8) 27 (8.5) 36 (11.4) 5 (1.6) 41 (13.0) 0.853 22 (6.9) 22 (6.9) 44 (13.8) 0.383
Isiolo 64 (20.2) 18 (5.7) 35 (11.0) 3 (0.9) 38 (11.9) 11 (3.5) 15 (4.7) 26 (8.2)
Kirinyaga 56 (17.7) 12 (3.8) 22 (6.9) 1 (0.3) 23 (7.2) 22 (6.9) 11 (3.5) 33 (10.4)
Meru 81 (25.6) 20 (6.3) 37 (11.7) 3 (0.9) 40 (12.6) 24 (7.6) 17 (5.4) 41 (13.0)
T.Nithi 31 (9.8) 9 (2.8) 13 (4.1) 1 (0.3) 14 (4.4) 9 (2.8) 5) 17 (5.3)
Age (mean: 34.3, range 18-46)
<35 162 (51.2) 60 (18.9) 59 (18.6) 10 (3.2) 69 (21.8) 0.014 43 (13.6) 50 (15.8) 93 (29.4) 0.009
>35 155 (48.8) 26 (8.2) 84 (26.5) 3 (0.9) 87 (27.4) 45 (14.2) 23 (7.3) 68 (21.5)
Religion
Christian 255 (80.4) 70 (22.1) 108 (34.1) 10 (3.1) 118 (37) 0.607 77 (24.3) 60 (18.9) 137 (43.2) 0.237
Muslim 62 (19.6) 16 (5.0) 35 (11.1) 3 (0.9) 38 (12.0) 11 (3.5) 13 (4.1) 24 (7.6)
Education level
Primary 96 (30.3) 20 (6.3) 40 (12.6) 3 (0.9) 43 (13.5) 0.115 36 (11.4) 17 (5.4) 53 (16.8) 0.004
Secondary 135 (42.6) 39 (12.3) 66 (20.8) 4 (1.3) 70 (22.1) 30 (9.5) 35 (11.0) 65 (19.5)
College 67 (21.1) 21 (6.6) 33 (10.4) 4 (1.3) 37 (11.7) 13 (4.1) 17 (5.4) 30 (9.5)
University 19 (6.0) 6 (1.9) 4 (1.3) 2 (0.6) 6 (1.9) 9 (2.8) 4 (1.3) 13 (4.2)
Contraceptive use
Other 223 (70.3) 66 (20.8) 95 (30.0) 8 (2.5) 103 (32.5) 0.469 62 (19.6) 58 (18.3) 120 (37.9) 0.131
Hormonal 94 (29.7) 20 (6.3) 48 (15.1) 5 (1.6) 53 (16.7) 26 (8.2) 15 (4.7) 41 (12.7)
Parity
>3 68 (21.5) 16 (5.0) 30 (9.5) 8 (2.5) 38 (12.0) 0.003 22 (6.9) 39 (12.3) 41 (39.2) 0.001∗∗
<3 249 (78.5) 70 (22.1) 113 (35.6) 5 (1.6) 118 (37.2) 66 (20.8) 34 (10.7) 100 (21.5)
Marital status
Married 226 (71.3) 55 (17.4) 109 (34.4) 8 (2.5) 117 (36.9) 0.249 62 (19.6) 47 (14.8) 109 (34.4) 0.299
Separated 32 (10.1) 8 (2.5) 13 (4.1) 1 (0.3) 14 (4.4) 11 (3.5) 7 (2.2) 18 (5.7)
Single 41 (12.9) 12 (3.8) 17 (5.4) 2 (0.6) 19 (6.0) 12 (3.8) 10 (3.2) 22 (7.0)
Divorced 6 (1.9) 3 (0.9) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 3 (0.9)
Widowed 12 (3.8) 8 (2.5) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.9) 2 (0.6) 7 (2.2) 9 (2.8)
Sex partners
1 186 (58.7) 43 (13.6) 91 (28.7) 7 (2.2) 98 (30.9) 0.339 52 (16.4) 36 (11.4) 88 (27.8) 0.014
>1 131 (41.3) 43 (13.6) 52 (16.4) 6 (1.9) 58 (18.3) 36 (11.4) 37 (11.7) 73 (23.1)
Total 317 (100.0) 86 (27.1) 143 (45.1) 13 (4.1) 156 (49.2) 88 (27.8) 73 (23.2) 161 (50.8) 0.001

N: negative; P: positive; ∗∗: the probability at the 0.001 level; : the probability at the 0.005 level.