Table 2.
Sociodemographic and HPV-associated risk factors among HIV- and non-HIV-infected women.
| Category | N (%) | Total | HIV negative (n (%)) | HIV positive (n (%)] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPV | HPV status | Total | p value | HPV status | Total | p value | ||||
| Prevalence | Negative | positive | negative | positive | ||||||
| Residence | ||||||||||
| Embu | 85 (26.8) | 27 (8.5) | 36 (11.4) | 5 (1.6) | 41 (13.0) | 0.853 | 22 (6.9) | 22 (6.9) | 44 (13.8) | 0.383 |
| Isiolo | 64 (20.2) | 18 (5.7) | 35 (11.0) | 3 (0.9) | 38 (11.9) | 11 (3.5) | 15 (4.7) | 26 (8.2) | ||
| Kirinyaga | 56 (17.7) | 12 (3.8) | 22 (6.9) | 1 (0.3) | 23 (7.2) | 22 (6.9) | 11 (3.5) | 33 (10.4) | ||
| Meru | 81 (25.6) | 20 (6.3) | 37 (11.7) | 3 (0.9) | 40 (12.6) | 24 (7.6) | 17 (5.4) | 41 (13.0) | ||
| T.Nithi | 31 (9.8) | 9 (2.8) | 13 (4.1) | 1 (0.3) | 14 (4.4) | 9 (2.8) | 5) | 17 (5.3) | ||
| Age (mean: 34.3, range 18-46) | ||||||||||
| <35 | 162 (51.2) | 60 (18.9) | 59 (18.6) | 10 (3.2) | 69 (21.8) | 0.014∗ | 43 (13.6) | 50 (15.8) | 93 (29.4) | 0.009∗ |
| >35 | 155 (48.8) | 26 (8.2) | 84 (26.5) | 3 (0.9) | 87 (27.4) | 45 (14.2) | 23 (7.3) | 68 (21.5) | ||
| Religion | ||||||||||
| Christian | 255 (80.4) | 70 (22.1) | 108 (34.1) | 10 (3.1) | 118 (37) | 0.607 | 77 (24.3) | 60 (18.9) | 137 (43.2) | 0.237 |
| Muslim | 62 (19.6) | 16 (5.0) | 35 (11.1) | 3 (0.9) | 38 (12.0) | 11 (3.5) | 13 (4.1) | 24 (7.6) | ||
| Education level | ||||||||||
| Primary | 96 (30.3) | 20 (6.3) | 40 (12.6) | 3 (0.9) | 43 (13.5) | 0.115 | 36 (11.4) | 17 (5.4) | 53 (16.8) | 0.004∗ |
| Secondary | 135 (42.6) | 39 (12.3) | 66 (20.8) | 4 (1.3) | 70 (22.1) | 30 (9.5) | 35 (11.0) | 65 (19.5) | ||
| College | 67 (21.1) | 21 (6.6) | 33 (10.4) | 4 (1.3) | 37 (11.7) | 13 (4.1) | 17 (5.4) | 30 (9.5) | ||
| University | 19 (6.0) | 6 (1.9) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (1.9) | 9 (2.8) | 4 (1.3) | 13 (4.2) | ||
| Contraceptive use | ||||||||||
| Other | 223 (70.3) | 66 (20.8) | 95 (30.0) | 8 (2.5) | 103 (32.5) | 0.469 | 62 (19.6) | 58 (18.3) | 120 (37.9) | 0.131 |
| Hormonal | 94 (29.7) | 20 (6.3) | 48 (15.1) | 5 (1.6) | 53 (16.7) | 26 (8.2) | 15 (4.7) | 41 (12.7) | ||
| Parity | ||||||||||
| >3 | 68 (21.5) | 16 (5.0) | 30 (9.5) | 8 (2.5) | 38 (12.0) | 0.003∗ | 22 (6.9) | 39 (12.3) | 41 (39.2) | 0.001∗∗ |
| <3 | 249 (78.5) | 70 (22.1) | 113 (35.6) | 5 (1.6) | 118 (37.2) | 66 (20.8) | 34 (10.7) | 100 (21.5) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 226 (71.3) | 55 (17.4) | 109 (34.4) | 8 (2.5) | 117 (36.9) | 0.249 | 62 (19.6) | 47 (14.8) | 109 (34.4) | 0.299 |
| Separated | 32 (10.1) | 8 (2.5) | 13 (4.1) | 1 (0.3) | 14 (4.4) | 11 (3.5) | 7 (2.2) | 18 (5.7) | ||
| Single | 41 (12.9) | 12 (3.8) | 17 (5.4) | 2 (0.6) | 19 (6.0) | 12 (3.8) | 10 (3.2) | 22 (7.0) | ||
| Divorced | 6 (1.9) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.9) | ||
| Widowed | 12 (3.8) | 8 (2.5) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 7 (2.2) | 9 (2.8) | ||
| Sex partners | ||||||||||
| 1 | 186 (58.7) | 43 (13.6) | 91 (28.7) | 7 (2.2) | 98 (30.9) | 0.339 | 52 (16.4) | 36 (11.4) | 88 (27.8) | 0.014∗ |
| >1 | 131 (41.3) | 43 (13.6) | 52 (16.4) | 6 (1.9) | 58 (18.3) | 36 (11.4) | 37 (11.7) | 73 (23.1) | ||
| Total | 317 (100.0) | 86 (27.1) | 143 (45.1) | 13 (4.1) | 156 (49.2) | 88 (27.8) | 73 (23.2) | 161 (50.8) | 0.001∗ | |
N: negative; P: positive; ∗∗: the probability at the 0.001 level; ∗: the probability at the 0.005 level.