Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, and therapy in 90 COVID-19 patients according to COVID-19 severity
| n = 90 | Severe disease requiring ICU admission n = 21 (23%) | Moderate severity (Hospitalization- non-ICU) n = 51 (57%) | Mild severity (Outpatient) n = 18 (20%) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 55 (49–63) | 55 (54–62) | 57 (51–69) | 48 (39–54) | 0.003 |
| Sex (female)c | 35 (39) | 5 (24) | 19 (37) | 11 (61) | 0.055 |
| Ethnicity; Caucasianc | 90 (100) | 21 (100) | 51 (100) | 18 (100) | – |
| Body mass index (SI)a | 26 (24–29) | 25 (24–28) | 27 (25–30) | 25 (21–27) | 0.046 |
| Current smokingc | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.457 |
| Ex-smokingc | 54 (40) | 5 (24) | 25 (49) | 4 (22) | 0.042 |
| Pack yearsb | 7 ± 14 | 4 ± 7 | 11 ± 17 | 1 ± 3 | 0.009 |
| Premedical history | |||||
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 32 (36) | 12 (57) | 20 (39) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertensionc | 23 (26) | 10 (48) | 13 (26) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary diseasec | 17 (19) | 4 (19) | 11 (22) | 2 (11) | 0.622 |
| Endocrinological diseasec | 41 (46) | 12 (57) | 27 (53) | 2 (11) | 0.004 |
| Hypercholesterolemiac | 17 (19) | 4 (19) | 13 (26) | 0 (0) | 0.060 |
| Diabetes mellitus IIc | 14 (16) | 4 (19) | 10 (20) | 0 (0) | 0.126 |
| Malignancyc | 12 (13) | 3 (14) | 8 (16) | 1 (6) | 0.548 |
| Immunological deficiencyc | 5 (6) | 4 (19) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0.006 |
| Pre-existing neurological diseases | |||||
| Nonec | 69 (77) | 17 (81) | 38 (75) | 14 (78) | 0.835 |
| Strokec | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Parkinsonismc | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Multiple sclerosisc | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Motor neuron diseasec | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| (Poly)-Neuropathyc | 5 (6) | 1 (5) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.451 |
| Traumatic brain injuryc | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.679 |
| Restless legs syndromec | 2 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0.259 |
| Essential tremorc | 2 (2) | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.592 |
| Migrainec | 3 (3) | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | 0.702 |
| Neuromuscular diseasec | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Epilepsyc | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Otherc | 10 (11) | 1 (5) | 7 (14) | 2 (11) | 0.546 |
| Pre-existing psychiatric diseases | |||||
| Depression (treated) c | 6 (7) | 3 (14) | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.193 |
| Treatment and hospital course | |||||
| Oxygen requirementc | 49 (55) | 21 (100) | 28 (55) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilationc | 20 (22) | 20 (95) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Steroid treatmentc | 15 (17) | 7 (33) | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 0.023 |
| Length of hospital stay (days)a | 10 (5–19) | 28 (19–38) | 8 (5–11) | – | < 0.001 |
| Early rehabilitationc | 18 (20) | 15 (71) | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Length of rehabilitation (days)a | 21 (21–27) | 21 (21–27) | 19–21 | – | < 0.001 |
Based on data distribution data are given in amedian (interquartile range), bmean ± standard deviation or ccounts (%)
*Chi-square or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess for differences across severity grades (severe, moderate, mild). A P value < 0.05 signifies a significant different data distribution across severity groups