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. 2021 Sep 27;11:19116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98771-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TMZ prevents metabolic dysfunction and muscle atrophy in mice following high-fat diet feeding similarly to exercise. (a) Body weights of normal diet-group (ND), high-fat diet-group (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise-group (HFD + Ex), and high-fat diet + trimetazidine-group (HFD + TMZ) during eight weeks of intervention. (b) The concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) in fasting plasma. (c) Visceral fat was dissected and weighed. (d) Gastrocnemius muscle was dissected and weighed. (e, f) Hematein and eosin (HE) staining of skeletal muscle tissues. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area was calculated by the image analysis software. (g, h) MyHC-II, MuRF1, and Atrogin1 protein expression were determined by Western blot. *, ** represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with ND group, respectively; ^#, ^## represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with HFD group, respectively.