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. 2021 Sep 27;11:19116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98771-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparative to exercise, TMZ regulates MQC and improves mitochondrial functions in HFD mice. (a, b) P-AMPK, PGC-1α, LC3II/LC3I, PINK1, MFN1, and DRP1 protein expressions were determined by Western blot. (c) Transmission electron microscope observation of mouse skeletal muscle tissue with 1 μm scale. AV autophagic vacuole, m mitochondria. (d) Mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA was determined by PCR. € CS protein expression was determined by Western blot. (f) ATP content were measured. *, ** represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with ND group, respectively; ^#, ^## represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with HFD group, respectively.