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. 2021 Sep 27;11:19116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98771-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TMZ regulates muscle function in the HFD mice comparably to exercise. (a) The forced weight-loaded swimming time was recorded as exercise capacity (EE exhaustive exercise). (b) The limb strength of the skeletal muscles was tested by the inverted screen test, meanwhile the fall-off time was recorded. (c, d) Plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) were observed after EE. (e) The skeletal structures of HFD mice were observed by transmission electron micrograph after EE with a scale of 2 μm. The red arrow represented the disordered and ruptured arrangement of the skeletal muscle fibers. *, ** represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with ND group, respectively; ^#, ^## represented p < 0.05, p < 0.01 in comparison with HFD group, respectively.