Table 2.
The association between lipid profiles and atherogenic indices with DTAC (FRAP, TRAP) in T2DM patients.
| FRAP Mean ± SD |
P | TRAP Mean ± SD |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Low | High | |||
| 327 | 321 | 335 | 325 | |||
| Age (year) | 53.83 ± 6.53 | 54.13 ± 6.36 | 0.55 | 54.06 ± 6.68 | 53.86 ± 6.28 | 0.68 |
| Sex (male) N% | 127 (49.2%) | 131 (50.8%) | 0.33 | 129 (49%) | 134 (51%) | 0.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.42 ± 4.96 | 29.42 ± 4.36 | 0.98 | 29.43 ± 4.88 | 29.39 ± 4.40 | 0.90 |
| WC (cm) | 92.63 ± 10.64 | 92.89 ± 10.92 | 0.75 | 92.99 ± 11.20 | 92.38 ± 10.25 | 0.46 |
| Occupation unemployed | 168 (51.9%) | 156 (48.1%) | 0.26 | 158 (48.2%) | 170 (51.8%) | 0.27 |
| Education university educated | 67 (54%) | 57 (46%) | 0.21 | 73 (58.4%) | 52 (41.6%) | 0.03 |
| Cigarette smoking (yes) N% | 50 (40%) | 75 (60%) | 0.006 | 54 (42.2%) | 74(57.8%) | 0.02 |
| Alcohol consumption (NO) N% | 317 (50.6%) | 310 (49.4%) | 0.48 | 323 (50.5%) | 316 (49.5%) | 0.35 |
| Familial history of diabetes (yes) N% | 227 (50.3%) | 224 (49.7%) | 0.49 | 235 (51.2%) | 224 (48.8%) | 0.39 |
| Glucose-lowering medication |
279 (52.1%) 48 (42.58%) |
256 (47.9%) 65 (57.5%) |
0.03 |
283 (51.9%) 52 (45.2%) |
262 (48.1%) 63 (54.8%) |
0.11 |
| Metformin and glybenclamid N% | ||||||
| Other medications N% | ||||||
| Supplementation use (yes) | 326 (50.7%) | 317 (49.3%) | 0.18 | 334 (51%) | 321 (49%) | 0.17 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2594.64 ± 961.68 | 2639. ± 998.72 | 0.53 | 2569.34 ± 950.53 | 2654.10 ± 999.75 | 0.23 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 341.16 ± 141.08 | 352.74 ± 148.18 | 0.27 | 337.21 ± 131.41 | 355.31 ± 155.02 | 0.08 |
| Protein, g/day | 90.55 ± 35.87 | 91.73 ± 37 | 0.65 | 90.30 ± 35.60 | 91.72 ± 37.12 | 0.58 |
| Total fat, g/day | 104.83 ± 51.36 | 103.60 ± 47.07 | 0.73 | 104.06 ± 50.50 | 103.95 ± 47.60 | 0.97 |
| Saturated fatty acids, g/day | 26.70 ± 10.40 | 27.15 ± 12.19 | 0.58 | 26.49 ± 10.55 | 27.25 ± 11.98 | 0.35 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids, g/day | 36.14 ± 19.79 | 35 ± 17.35 | 0.39 | 35.91 ± 19.28 | 35.29 ± 17.76 | 0.75 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids, g/day | 25.83 ± 16.29 | 25.43 ± 14.16 | 0.71 | 25.45 ± 15.55 | 25.73 ± 14.85 | 0.79 |
| Cholesterol, (mg/day) | 222.69 ± 143.12 | 221.49 ± 49 | 0.93 | 226.41 ± 160.26 | 221.60 ± 22.07 | 0.73 |
| Dietary fiber, g/day | 41.64 ± 21.86 | 44.28 ± 24.30 | 0.11 | 41.12 ± 12.34 | 44.58 ± 24.43 | 0.03 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 54.48 ± 12.48 | 55.28 ± 13.05 | 0.43 | 54.93 ± 12.25 | 54.86 ± 13.24 | 0.94 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 111.33 ± 35.51 | 110.50 ± 35.81 | 0.76 | 111.24 ± 35.60 | 110.69 ± 35.65 | 0.84 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 194.92 ± 69.25 | 195.40 ± 70.33 | 0.93 | 196.81 ± 68.23 | 194.15 ± 70.93 | 0.62 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 181.05 ± 110.92 | 182.38 ± 105.97 | 0.87 | 184.39 ± 116.49 | 180.72 ± 100.36 | 0.66 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 25.28 ± 13.58 | 25.45 ± 15.88 | 0.92 | 25.10 ± 13.70 | 25.29 ± 15.77 | 0.91 |
| Fat% | 36 ± 8.39 | 34.79 ± 7.63 | 0.05 | 35.85 ± 7.88 | 34.93 ± 8.19 | 0.14 |
| Ghrelin (ng/ml) | 2.19 ± 1.24 | 2.27 ± 1.25 | 0.61 | 2.22 ± 1.30 | 2.26 ± 1.65 | 0.77 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 2.06 ± 1.39 | 2.20 ± 1.57 | 0.56 | 2.12 ± 1.47 | 2.19 ± 1.50 | 0.76 |
| Pentrexin3 (ng/ml) | 2.63 ± 0.52 | 2.56 ± 0.39 | 0.36 | 2.62 ± 0.45 | 2.59 ± 0.46 | 0.70 |
| Interlukin18 (pg/ml) | 247.61 ± 32.24 | 248.68 ± 27.86 | 0.82 | 241.96 ± 32.05 | 252.24 ± 27.71 | 0.03 |
| TAC (g/dl) | 2.62 ± 0.58 | 2.40 ± 0.56 | 0.02 | 2.60 ± 0.59 | 2.44 ± 0.55 | 0.08 |
| SOD (U/ml) | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.52 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0. 08 | 0.65 |
| PGF2alpha (pg/ml) | 72.48 ± 6.46 | 72.52 ± 5.61 | 0.96 | 72.50 ± 6.39 | 72.38 ± 5.83 | 0.90 |
| AIP | 0.46 ± 0.25 | 0.47 ± 0.23 | 0.72 | 0.46 ± 0.25 | 0.47 ± 0.23 | 0.77 |
| AC | 2.73 ± 1.56 | 2.69 ± 1.49 | 0.74 | 2.72 ± 1.53 | 2.70 ± 1.51 | 0.86 |
| CRI.II | 2.10 ± 0.68 | 2.05 ± 0.66 | 0.36 | 2.08 ± 0.67 | 2.08 ± 0.68 | 0.93 |
| CRI-I | 3.83 ± 1.54 | 3.79 ± 1.57 | 0.74 | 3.76 ± 1.52 | 3.82 ± 1.59 | 0.61 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Bold values denote statistical signifcance at the P < 0.05 level.
BMI body mass index, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, CRP C-reactive protein, PTX3 pentraxin-3, IL18 interleukin 18, TAC total antioxidant capacity, SOD superoxide dismutase, PGF2α prostaglandinF2α, AIP log (TG/HDL), AC (TC-HDL)/HDL, CRI.II (LDL/HDL), CRI-I (TC/HDL).