Table 3.
The association between lipid profiles and atherogenic indices with DTAC (TEAC, ORAC) in T2DM patients.
| TEAC Mean ± SD |
P | ORAC Mean ± SD |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Low | High | |||
| Age (year) | 53.95 ± 6.61 | 54.01 ± 6.34 | 0.89 | 54.02 ± 6.75 | 53.90 ± 6.22 | 0.80 |
| Sex (male) N% | 131 (49.8%) | 132 (50.2%) | 0.48 | 123 (46.9%) | 139 (53.1%) | 0.16 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.29 ± 4.88 | 29.51 ± 4.41 | 0.54 | 29.36 ± 4.79 | 29.49 ± 4.54 | 0.72 |
| WC (cm) | 92.72 ± 11.19 | 92.68 ± 10.29 | 0.95 | 92.54 ± 10.68 | 92.93 ± 10.83 | 0.64 |
| Occupation unemployed N% | 166 (50.5%) | 163 (49.5%) | 0.45 | 158 (48.2%) | 170 (51.8%) | 0.27 |
| Education university educated N% | 64 (51.2%) | 61 (48.8%) | 0.42 | 70 (56.5%) | 54 (43.5%) | 0.05 |
| Cigarette smoking (yes) N% | 55 (40.3%) | 73 (57%) | 0.04 | 54 (41.9%) | 75 (58.1%) | 0.03 |
| Alcohol consumption (NO) N% | 321 (50.3%) | 317 (49.7%) | 0.32 | 316 (49.7%) | 320 (50.3%) | 0.34 |
| Familial history of diabetes (yes) N% | 267 (50%) | 267 (50%) | 0.44 | 224 (49.1%) | 232 (50.9%) | 0.42 |
| Glucose-lowering medication |
248 (52.2%) 46 (40%) |
260 (47.8%) 69 (60%) |
0.01 |
281 (51.8%) 44 (38.3%) |
261 (48.2%) 71 (61.7%) |
0.005 |
| Metformin and glybenclamid N% | ||||||
| Other medications N% | ||||||
| Supplementation use (yes) N% | 329 (50.3%) | 325 (49.95) | 0.18 | 325 (49.8%) | 327(50.2%) | 0.03 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2555.76 ± 946.78 | 2670.21 ± 1002.04 | 0.10 | 2572.94 ± 926.81 | 2654.90 ± 1023.31 | 0.24 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 336.14 ± 131.80 | 356.64 ± 154.67 | 0.04 | 330.73 ± 130.61 | 353.17 ± 154.60 | 0.03 |
| Protein, g/day | 90.16 ± 35.48 | 91.96 ± 37.23 | 0.49 | 90.05 ± 34.30 | 92.10 ± 38.35 | 0.43 |
| Total fat, g/day | 103.27 ± 50.12 | 104.86 ± 47.99 | 0.65 | 103.13 ± 49.99 | 105.15 ± 48.18 | 0.56 |
| Saturated fatty acids, g/day | 26.53 ± 10.82 | 27.22 ± 11.75 | 0.39 | 26.60 ± 10.35 | 27.16 ± 12.17 | 0.49 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids, g/day | 35.52 ± 19.17 | 35.53 ± 19.17 | 0.99 | 35.38 ± 19.04 | 35.73 ± 18.06 | 0.79 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids, g/day | 25.31 ± 15.23 | 25.90 ± 15.18 | 0.59 | 25.11 ± 15.68 | 26.15 ± 14.73 | 0.34 |
| Cholesterol, (mg/day) | 222.44 ± 144.44 | 225.65 ± 232.93 | 0.81 | 218.93 ± 122.38 | 229.43 ± 245.65 | 0.45 |
| Dietary fiber, g/day | 41.18 ± 21.44 | 44.57 ± 24.37 | 0.04 | 42.06 ± 12.75 | 43.79 ± 24.24 | 0.29 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 54.79 ± 12.33 | 55.02 ± 13.16 | 0.81 | 54.68 ± 12.50 | 55.07 ± 12.97 | 0.69 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 111.91 ± 36.23 | 110.04 ± 35.03 | 0.50 | 110.52 ± 35.30 | 111.49 ± 36.08 | 0.72 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 196.97 ± 69.42 | 193.92 ± 69.79 | 0.57 | 194.26 ± 71.39 | 196.32 ± 67.68 | 0.70 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 185.42 ± 113.34 | 178.96 ± 103.33 | 0.45 | 184.29 ± 111.44 | 179.20 ± 105.06 | 0.55 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 25.19 ± 13.75 | 25.20 ± 15.57 | 0.99 | 24.82 ± 13.74 | 25.56 ± 15.62 | 0.68 |
| Fat% | 35.65 ± 7.81 | 35.15 ± 8.28 | 0.42 | 35.54 ± 8.08 | 35.30 ± 8.05 | 0.71 |
| Ghrelin (ng/ml) | 2.11 ± 1.12 | 2.35 ± 1.31 | 0.13 | 2.18 ± 1.19 | 2.29 ± 1.27 | 0.51 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 2.08 ± 1.47 | 2.23 ± 1.50 | 0.55 | 2.13 ± 1.36 | 2.15 ± 1.58 | 0.92 |
| Pentrexin3 (ng/ml) | 2.65 ± 0.50 | 2.56 ± 0.42 | 0.21 | 2.63 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.39 | 0.44 |
| Interlukin18 (pg/ml) | 247.35 ± 27.85 | 247.97 ± 32.16 | 0.89 | 245.56 ± 32.45 | 250.29 ± 27.33 | 0.33 |
| TAC (g/dl) | 2.60 ± .58 | 2.42 ± .55 | 0.04 | 2.62 ± 0.58 | 2.39 ± 0.55 | 0.01 |
| SOD (U/ml) | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.85 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.33 |
| PGF2alpha (pg/ml) | 72.29 ± 6.22 | 72.56 ± 5.95 | 0.78 | 72.33 ± 6.49 | 72.50 ± 5.67 | 0.86 |
| AIP | 0.47 ± 0.24 | 0.46 ± 0.24 | 0.64 | 0.47 ± 0.25 | 0.46 ± 0.23 | 0.74 |
| AC | 2.73 ± 1.54 | 2.68 ± 1.49 | 0.66 | 2.69 ± 1.57 | 2.73 ± 1.47 | 0.77 |
| CRI.II | 2.09 ± .67 | 2.06 ± 0.67 | 0.56 | 2.07 ± 0.66 | 2.09 ± 0.68 | 0.80 |
| CRI-I | 3.81 ± 1.75 | 3.78 ± 1.32 | 0.80 | 3.80 ± 1.54 | 3.80 ± 1.56 | 0.98 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Bold values denote statistical signifcance at the P < 0.05 level.
BMI body mass index, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, CRP C-reactive protein, PTX3 pentraxin-3, IL18 interleukin 18, TAC total antioxidant capacity, SOD superoxide dismutase, PGF2α prostaglandinF2α, AIP log (TG/HDL), AC (TC-HDL)/HDL, CRI.II (LDL/HDL), CRI-I (TC/HDL).